Chemistry Unit V Objectives Ch.13

1. Chemistry Unit V Objectives Ch.13 I.                 Use the Kinetic-Molecular Theory to account for physical properties of liquids and solids. II.            Differentiate between and describe the types of intermolecular forces (dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds). III.      Define viscosity and surface tension and explain their relationship to intermolecular forces. IV.      Compare crystalline and amorphous substances.

2. Chemistry Unit V Objectives Ch.13 cont.. V.      Relate the structure and bonding in the four categories of solids (molecular, ionic, metallic, network-covalent) to the properties they exhibit. VI.     Describe vaporization, condensation, and boiling Calculate the heat required for these processes. VII.    Describe melting, freezing, sublimation, and deposition. Calculate the heat required for these processes. VIII.  Identify the features of a phase diagram and calculate the energy changes involved in a heating or cooling curve.

3. Chemistry Unit V Objectives Chapter 14 I.     Describe the Kinetic-Molecular Theory and explain how it accounts for behaviors of gases. II.    Explain how pressure is measured with a manometer, and barometer and know the conversions for pressure units: 1 atm = 760 torr (mm Hg) = 14.7 psi = 101 325 Pa 1 bar = 100 000 Pa = 100 kPa = .9869 atm Memorize STP III.      Know the equations for Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures, and the Combined Gas Law. Use the gas laws to solve problems involving pressure, temperature, and volume of gases.

4. Chem Unit V Objectives Chapter 14 cont… IV.   Recognize and be able to graph inversely and directly proportional relationships for pressure, volume, and temperature of gases. V.    Compare the relative rates of diffusion of gases using Grahm’s Law of diffusion. VI.    Use the equation pv = nRTk to solve Ideal gas problems that include number of moles (n) and the gas constant (R) R =.0821 atm-L/mol-K = 8.314 Pa-m3/mol-K = 8.314 J/mol-K VII.   Compare ideal and real gases and explain them in terms of kinetic molecular theory. Relate gas density to temperature and molar mass.

5. Chem Unit V Objectives Ch. 15&16 I.   Define solution and discuss the properties of different types of solutions. II.   Define and explain the terms solute, solvent, dilute, saturated, and unsaturated. Compare and contrast electrolytes and non-electrolytes and give examples of each. III.   Discuss Miscible and immiscible substances and discuss them in terms of polarity and particle size. Identify and explain the factors that influence solubility of solids and gases. IV.   Calculate Solution concentrations in Molarity (M), Molality(m), Mole Fraction (X), Percent by Mass (%), Percent by Volume (%), Parts Per Million (ppm), and Parts Per Billion (ppb). V.    Define colligative properties and use them to calculate changes in vapor pressure, boiling & freezing points, and osmotic pressure.

6. Chem Unit V Objectives Ch. 15&16 cont… VI.      State Raoult’s Law and use it to determine the change in vapor pressure of a solvent for a given mole fraction of solute. VII.     Describe the effects of electrolytic and non-electrolytic solutes on the freezing points and boiling points of solutions. VIII.   Solve problems involving partial dissociation of electrolytes to determine effective molality and the actual freezing point depression or boiling point elevation of the solvent. IX.      Use the common ion effect to explain why there is a difference between actual and effective concentrations of ionic solutes.