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Understanding the Circulatory System

The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its job is to carry needed substances like oxygen and glucose to cells and eliminate waste like carbon dioxide. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ with two sides - left side holds oxygen-rich blood, right side holds oxygen-poor blood. Blood is made of plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets, which circulate via arteries, veins, and capillaries.

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Understanding the Circulatory System

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  1. The Circulatory System Also known as the Cardiovascular System

  2. What’s Involved: Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood • What’s the Job: Carry needed substances to cells and waste away • Needed: oxygen, glucose • Waste: carbon dioxide

  3. Heart-hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, has 2 sides Left side of the heart- holds the oxygen rich blood Right side of the heart- holds the oxygen poor blood (high in carbon dioxide)

  4. Each side of the heart has two chambers, upper and lower • Atria- (singular=atrium) upper chambers that receive blood • Ventricles-lower chambers that pump blood out of heart

  5. Continued… • Valve-flap that prevents back flow of blood • Septum-thick wall that separates sides of the heart • Pacemaker-part of the heart that sends signals to heart to beat

  6. A Valve in the Heart

  7. Blood Vessels-transport blood around the body • Arteries-carry blood away from the heart • Veins-carry blood to the heart • Capillaries- only place where substances can be exchanged, very small and thin

  8. Notice that arteries are much thicker than veins. This is because arteries contain a layer of muscle and veins do not.

  9. Blood-made of 4 parts-plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets • Plasma-made of molecules from digested food, carries Carbon dioxide • Red Blood Cells-carry Oxygen • White Blood Cells-disease fighters • Platelets-cell fragments that form blood clots

  10. Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell Platelet

  11. Blood makes 2 loops through body- • 1st loop- heart to lungs back to heart • 2nd loop- heart to body back to heart

  12. Aorta-largest artery in the body, carries oxygen rich blood to the body • Superior and Inferior Vena Cava-largest veins in the body, carry oxygen poor blood from the body back to the heart • Pulmonary Artery-carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs • Pulmonary Vein-carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart

  13. Gasses pass through walls of capillaries by diffusion (the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low) • Red blood cells are covered in a protein called Hemoglobin which allows oxygen molecules to bond to them

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