Apartheid and South Africa.

1. Apartheid and South Africa.

2. Population: 45.3 million (UN, 2005) Capital: Pretoria Area: 1.22 million sq km (470,693 sq miles) Major languages: 11 official languages including English, Afrikaans, Sesotho, Setswana, Xhosa and Zulu Major religion: Christianity, Islam, indigenous beliefs Life expectancy: 45 years (men), 51 years (women) Monetary unit: 1 Rand = 100 cents Main exports: Gold, diamonds, metals and minerals, cars, machinery. GNI per capita: US $2,780 (World Bank, 2003)

3. Diamonds were discovered in 1867 and gold was discovered in South Africa in 1884 prompting more European colonists.

4. Battle over South Africa South Africa was fought for by the British, Dutch, and the native Zulu Tribe. Eventually, the British defeated the Dutch in the Boer War.

5. Boer War (1899 – 1902) • The British Forces suffered 52,150 casualties • The Boers suffered about 37,000 casualties. • Although this was described as a "white man's war", thousands of Africans also died. The exact number is not known because the whites never bothered to count them but it is believed to be over 17,000.

6. ?? Who is this man??!!

7. 'The 'Big Hole' at Kimberley, South Africa Aerial view of the Koffiefontein diamond mine, South Africa, operated by De Beers Diamonds were discovered in South Africa and Europeans flocked to colonize Africa.

8. South Africa is easily Africa’s wealthiest nation.

9. How does South Africa compare to the rest of Africa in regard to Income Per Capita? Does South Africa have the highest income of all African nations? What color seems to be most common on this map of African incomes?

10. Apartheid was formally institutionalized after the elections of 1948 when the Afrikaner National Party brought about strict racial laws (Apartheid) so to protect the white minority…… ●No interracial marriages. ●“White-Only” Jobs ● Separate living areas and facilities (beaches, bathrooms, hospitals, schools, universities) were created. ●Blacks had to carry a Pass Book ID. ●”Non-whites” could not vote ●Some lands were given to the tribes, but these reservations (called Bantustans) were the worst of South Africa’s lands.

11. This was a “shantytown” for blacks in South Africa during the height of Apartheid. There is great poverty in the black community.

12. Resistance to Apartheid began in the 1950’s…. ("Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun“) ~Mao Zedong~

14. All blacks were required to carry ``pass books'' containing fingerprints, a photo and information on access to non-black areas. Whites were not required to carry these pass books.

15. Apartheid {Apart ……Hate}

16. The End of APARTHEID Nelson Mandela (background and on the left) with his wife Winnie, were instrumental in ending the institution of Apartheid.

17. The Sharpesville Massacre (1960) In 1960, a large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes; the government declared a state of emergency. The emergency lasted for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead and 187 people wounded. World attention was turned toward South Africa.

18. 1976 -- student riots originated in Soweto  - the 16-month protest saw 575 South Africans dead, & 2389 injured.

19. The many faces of Apartheid.

20. 1964: Nelson Mandela jailed for life Mandela, 46, and his co-defendants proudly confessing their guilt to plotting to destroy the South African state by sabotage.

21. South Africa was banned from participating in the Olympics from 1964 until 1992.

22. Mary Decker lies crying on the track after South Africa’s Zola Budd cut her off during the 3000 meter championship in the 1984 L.A. Olympics.

23. U.S. Sanctions upon South Africa • The United States had imposed an arms embargo on Pretoria in 1964 • refusing to recognize the "independence" of four of South Africa's black homelands • barred United States exports to South Africa's military and police

24. A student revolt in Soweto ignites protests throughout South Africa, inspired by the "Black Consciousness" movement of activist Steve Biko. Tensions escalate when Biko is arrested and killed in police custody.

25. The Nobel Peace Prize In 1961 Chief Albert Luthuli was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Peace (it had been held over that year) for his part in the anti-Apartheid struggle Desmond Tutu – winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984.

26. The World Awakens – Helps to end the system of Apartheid. • In protest of the apartheid regime, Western European nations agree to an oil embargo against South Africa (1981) • The UN General Assembly prohibits cultural, educational, and sports exchanges with South Africa (1969) • 1985 - Paul Simon arrives in South Africa to record Graceland – An album with South African musicians and a anti-Apartheid theme. • 1988 – A concert was organized at Wembley Stadium by a new organization called Artists Against Apartheid. This was the third biggest media event ever--more than a billion people watched it live.

27. Concerned citizens throughout the world protested the system of Apartheid through demonstrations, civil disobedience, building of shanty towns. 1.Sun City 2.No More Apartheid 3.Revolutionary Situation 4.Sun City [Version II] 5.Let Me See Your I.D. 6.Struggle Continues 7.Silver & Gold 8.Sun City

28. Sun CitySteven Van Zandt (Blue Midnight Music, 1985) We're rockers and rappers united and strongWe're here to talk about South Africa we don't like what's going onIt's time for some justice it's time for the truthWe've realized there's only one thing we can doI ain't gonna play Sun CityRelocation to phony homelandsSeparation of families I can't understand23 million can't vote because they're blackWe're stabbing our brothers and sisters in the backI ain't gonna play Sun CityOur government tells us we're doing all we canConstructive Engagement is Ronald Reagan's planMeanwhile people are dying and giving up hopeThis quiet diplomacy ain't nothing but a jokeI ain't gonna play Sun CityBoputhuswana is far awayBut we know it's in South Africa no matter what they sayYou can't buy me I don't care what you payDon't ask me Sun City because I ain't gonna playI ain't gonna play Sun CityIt's time to accept our responsibilityFreedom is a privilege nobody rides for freeLook around the world baby it can't be deniedWhy are we always on the wrong sideI ain't gonna play Sun CityRelocation to phony homelandsSeparation of families I can't understand23 million can't vote because they're blackWe're stabbing our brothers and sisters in the back Artists United Against ApartheidThen: Organized by Little Steven (of Springsteen's E Street band) and producer Arthur Baker, this project was a form of protest against the South African apartheid government. Proceeds went to political prisoners in South Africa. The 10 track album (4 tracks being versions of the first single Sun City) featured a group of 49 music superstars. Just a few of the artist that gave their performances for this cause were: Eddy Grant, Miles Davis, Melle Mel, Run DMC, Pat Benatar, Jackson Browne, Bono, Bob Dylan, Jimmy Cliff, The Fat Boys, Peter Gabriel, Bonnie Raitt, Bruce Springsteen, Lou Reed, Keith Richards, Charlie Watts and many others. The single Sun City released December 7th, 1985 reached #38 on the Billboard charts.Now: Apartheid has ended and Nelson Mandela is free.

29. The End of APARTHEID

30. Nelson Mandela spent most of his 27 years behind bars serving hard labor in Robben Island prison off Cape Town. Mandela (above, center) was released in 1990, jointly awarded the Nobel peace prize with President FW de Klerk (above, right) in 1993 and elected South Africa's president in the country's first multi-racial elections held in 1994.

31. 1994 After negotiations with the African National Congress, South Africa holds its first free elections in late April. The ANC wins these elections easily with over 60% of the vote. On May 10, Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as the President of South Africa Robben Island Prison – now a monument.

32. Religious Apartheid in Arabia to separate the races….. Israel’s Security Wall separates the races….is this also Apartheid? Mexico – USA border fence…. Apartheid??!!