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Biometrics

Biometrics. Akash Mudubagilu Arindam Gupta . Overview. What is Biometrics? Why Biometrics? General Biometric System Different types of Biometrics Uses and Applications of Biometrics Challenges to Biometrics. What is biometrics?.

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Biometrics

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  1. Biometrics AkashMudubagilu Arindam Gupta

  2. Overview • What is Biometrics? • Why Biometrics? • General Biometric System • Different types of Biometrics • Uses and Applications of Biometrics • Challenges to Biometrics

  3. What is biometrics? • Biometrics is the science of verifying and establishing the identity of an individual through physiological features or behavioral traits.

  4. What is biometrics? • Physiological and Behavioral characteristics: • Physiological: - Fingerprint - Face - Iris - Hand Geometry • Behavioral: - Voice - Keyboard strokes - Signature

  5. Why Biometrics? • With numerous devices, traditional paradigm of user name and password based scenarios are not practical • Only authorized users should have access to data and services • Biometrics provide an unobtrusive and convenient authentication mechanism • Advantages of biometrics • Uniqueness • No need to remember passwords or carry tokens • Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten • More secure than a long password • Solves repudiation problem • Not susceptible to traditional dictionary attacks

  6. General biometric system • Determine or authenticate identity • Identification Systems: • Who am I? • Determine Identity • Verification Systems: • Am I who I claim to be? • Authenticate Identity

  7. ID : 8809 General biometric System Biometric Sensor Feature Extraction Database Enrollment Feature Extraction Biometric Sensor Matching Authentication Result

  8. Different types of biometrics • Fingerprint recognition • Face recognition • Iris recognition • Hand geometry • Voice Scan • Keystroke Scan • Signature Scan

  9. Fingerprint recognition • Measures unique characteristics in a fingerprint (minutiae) • Crossover • Core • Bifurcations • Ridge ending • Island • Delta • Pore • Advantages: multiple fingers, large database, proven technology • Disadvantages: skin worn out due to age

  10. Face recognition • Uses off-the-shelf camera to measure the following facial features: • Distance between the eyes • Distance between the eyes and nose • Angle of a cheek • Slope of the nose • Facial Temperatures • Advantages: No contact required, camerasare common • Disadvantages: Face can be obstructed, sensitive to changes in age, depends upon lighting and camera angle

  11. Iris recognition • Measures unique characteristics of the Iris like ridges, furrows, striations • Advantages: Iris is stable over lifetime, no contact is needed • Disadvantages: Difficult for people having eye disorders, some people may find this technique somewhat obtrusive.

  12. Hand geometry • Measures the top and sides of the hand, not the palm, contrary to the popular belief • Measures the finger lengths, widths, curves • Advantages: Easy to capture, widely used for physical access, stable over lifetime • Disadvantages: Not sufficiently distinctive over a large population, so not very accurate

  13. Voice scan • Measures the sound wave • Factors: pitch, intensity, quality and durations of human speech. • user talks to a microphone a passphrase. • voice print is compared to a previous one • Advantages: Easy to implement wherever there is a telephone in use • Disadvantages: High variability in an individual’s voice, background noise

  14. Keystroke scan • Keystroke scan: Measures the time between strokes and duration of key pressed. • Most commonly used in systems where keyboard is already being used.

  15. Signature scan • Signature scan: Measures speed, pressure, stroke order an image of signature. • Non-repudiation • Mainly used for verification • However forgers could forge it with some training

  16. Uses and applications of biometrics • Government and law enforcement • Forensic applications • Commercial applications

  17. Government applications • Passport control • Border Control • Access control to government systems

  18. Forensic applications • Criminal investigations • Corpse identification • Missing person identification

  19. Commercial applications • Computer login to different systems • Secure banking • Employee verification • Electronic payment • ATM • Record protection

  20. Challenges to biometrics • Informational privacy concerns: • Misuse • Addressed by: • System Design • Careful Audit • Personal privacy concerns • cultural or religious beliefs

  21. references • Jain, Anil K., Arun Ross, and SalilPrabhakar. "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 14.1 (2004): 4-20. IEEE Xplore. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1262027 • http://bprl.cs.clemson.edu/about.html • http://bprl.cs.clemson.edu/projects.html

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