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The “Virtual Manikin” Project

The “Virtual Manikin” Project. Andy Buxton Adrian Huggins & David Glynn. The Defence Evaluation & Research Agency . This work was carried out as part of Technology Group 5 (Human Sciences and Synthetic Environments) of the MoD Corporate Research Programme.

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The “Virtual Manikin” Project

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  1. The “Virtual Manikin” Project Andy Buxton Adrian Huggins & David Glynn

  2. The Defence Evaluation & Research Agency • This work was carried out as part of Technology Group 5 (Human Sciences and Synthetic Environments) of the MoD Corporate Research Programme

  3. DERA’s Ultimate Customers: the Front Line

  4. Clothing Climate Physical work Fundamentals of heat stress

  5. Experiment or Model? • Experimental methods • Laboratory or field based • Expensive • Specific • Possibly hazardous

  6. Instrumented manikins for clothing evaluation • Thermal manikin • Thermal resistance (insulation) • ‘Sweating’ manikin • Evaporative resistance

  7. Virtual Manikin Project Objectives • Create a tool for modelling and assessing potentially hazardous environments • Create a tool for assessing clothing systems prior to construction • Reduce costs and time-scales for equipment procurement

  8. Geometry - STL file produced by laser scanning

  9. Cartesian grid details • Grid dimension • 38x52x56 • Domain dimension • 2.5 x 2.0 x 1.9 m

  10. Boundary Conditions & Source Terms • Open pressure boundary conditions at front, sides and top of domain • Inlet boundary condition specified at front for “forced convection” case • Initial and inlet temperatures 20oC • Bouyancy forces represented using Boussinesq model • k-e turbulence model used • Manikin heat source: CO=1.E+5,VAL=34oC

  11. Air movement and temperature contours

  12. Predicted manikin heat loss

  13. Human thermo-physiological model

  14. Information exchange • Virtual Manikin-CFD model calculates local boundary conditions for physiological model • Physiological model dictates heat and mass (sweat) sources for the CFD model Virtual Manikin - CFD model Thermo-physiological model

  15. Calculation of local boundary conditions CFD model Flow calculation Calculation of segmental heat and mass sources 2-D Thermal model Information flow Initial conditions

  16. Current PARSOL treatment FLUID • PARSOL currently treats fluid flow differently from heat transfer (see figures) • Fluid - Solid interfaces are treated correctly as a “spline” for fluid flow and as a “staircase” for heat transfer • There can only be one fluid- solid interface in a given mesh cell SOLID FLUID SOLID

  17. Extended PARSOL treatment Fluid Fluid Solid

  18. Clothing simulation • The clothing model will require integration of a number of features in PHOENICS • Moving objects • Stress-Strain • Fluid flow • Heat transfer • Pre-existing algorithms will be used for the deformation of clothing

  19. Summary - 1 • An STL file of a manikin was produced by laser scanning • This was imported into PHOENICS • Flow simulations were produced and heat transfer predictions made • Further grid refinement is required • A parallel cluster of PCs will be used for future work

  20. Summary - 2 • The CFD model will be linked to a human thermo-physiological model • More complex environments will be evaluated, e.g. vehicles, aircraft • PARSOL will be enhanced:- • Unify current treatment of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer • Extend PARSOL to allow multiple interfaces in any given cell • The extended PARSOL feature will be available to all PHOENICS users

  21. Points of contact Andy Buxton, David Glynn, Protection and Performance Department, Flowsolve Ltd. Centre for Human Sciences, Arthur Road, DERA, Ively Road, Wimbledon Park, HANTS. GU14 OLX. Tel. +44 208 944 0940 United Kingdom Fax. +44 208 944 1218 Tel. +44 1252 393626 cfd@flowsolve.com Fax +44 1252 392097 email: acbuxton@dera.gov.uk

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