Bill Palmer

1. DC INTEGRATED BIOLOGY FRESHWATER PLANKTON Bill Palmer

2. FRESHWATER PLANKTON

3. FRESHWATER PLANKTON Freshwater plankton and marine plankton are similar in appearance, classification, and function. We will collect and study some freshwater plankton since we don’t instant access to the ocean.

4. FRESHWATER PLANKTON • Plankton are small organisms found in water. • Usually are invertebrates. • Usually float. • Provide food for many animals. • Indicators of health of system.

5. FRESHWATER PLANKTON • Animal Plankton is generally known as ZOOPLANKTON. • Plant Plankton is generally known as PHYTOPLANKTON.

6. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE Use for higher power 40-100X Good for: Bacteria Protists Cells MICROSCOPE

7. DISSECTING MICROSCOPE Use for lower power 10-20X Good for: Dissecting small things Invertebrates Flowers MICROSCOPE

8. USING THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE • Always use care with microscope-two hands • Start with low power and work your way to higher power • Adjust the light • Don’t cram objective into specimen • Practice moving things into the field of view

9. USING THE DISSECTING MICROSCOPE • Always use care with microscope-two hands • Start with low power and work your way to higher power • Adjust the light • Practice moving things into the field of view

10. LOOKING AT PLANKTON • Put some of the pond water onto the well slide • Get some pond water with algae but not too much • Put a cover slip on slide • Adjust the light • Search the field-things will be moving-follow and try to identify • Use other type of microscope

11. Protists are one-celled animals SOME COMMON PROTIST

12. SOME COMMON PROTISTEuglena Move with Flagella (flagellum)

13. SOME COMMON PROTISTParamecium Move with cillia (cillium)

14. SOME COMMON PROTISTAmoeba Move with pseudopods (“false feet”)

15. SOME COMMON PROTISTVorticella Cillia on “springs”

16. SOME COMMON PROTISTStentor Large funnel with cillia

17. SOME COMMON PROTISTVolvox Ball of Colonial Cells Photosynthetic

18. SOME COMMON PROTISTArcella Like an Amoeba with a “turtle shell.”

19. SOME COMMON PROTISTSpirogyra A common type of pond algae with the chlorophyll arranged like a corkscrew.

20. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Rotifers These are the “wheel animals first seen by Leeuwenhoek in 1703.

21. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Cladocera (cyclops) These arthropods have one red eye and often have two egg sacs.

22. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Daphnia (water flea) Look for the beating heart and females with eggs or babies in these arthropods.

23. AN UNCOMMON INVERTEBRATETardigrade (water bear) These are hard to find but look for them in the sediments at the bottom of the tank.

24. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESMayfly Nymph These insects spend most of their life as aquatic nymphs. Adults live for one day-only to reproduce. Adults have no mouthparts with which to feed. Nymphs have THREE filaments

25. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESStonefly Nymph Stoneflies have TWO filaments.

26. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESDragonfly Nymph The lower jaw “juts out “ to grab prey. May eat small fish. Dragonfly nymphs are voracious feeders.

27. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESCaddisfly Nymph Caddisfly nymphs make a protective case of sticks or sand to protect them from predators.

28. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESBeetle Larvae Many beetle larvae are aquatic. Look for a “worm with six legs”. Water Penny-we may find at Rockbridge SP

29. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESFly Larvae Horse fly (maggots) and mosquito larvae (wigglers) are aquatic.

30. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESTrue Bugs Leathery wings with “X” on back. Water bug with babies on back. Toad Bug-bites! Ouch!!! Giant Water Bug-This can eat fish, frogs and swimmers toes! Ouch! These bugs may bite.

31. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESTrue Bugs Leathery wings with “X” on back. These bugs usually do NOT bite Water Scorpion-”Stinger is really a snorkel. Water Strider (not water spider) uses surface tension to “walk on water.”

32. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Beetles Hard Shell Giant Water Beetle-can kill and eat small frogs and fish. May come to lights at night.

33. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESPlanaria Flatworms-nonparasitic or free-living. Planaria have great Powers of regeneration And are often used in Experiments. We MAY find the rare Pink Planaria at Rockbridge SP.

34. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESNematode Worm Roundworms The parasitic Horsehair worm is found in fresh water and must have a cricket/grasshopper to complete its life cycle. All parasites have a very complex life cycle.

35. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESOligichate Worm Worms with bristle feet Earthworms and leeches.

36. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESCrustaceans-1 AMPHIPODS- Like Shrimp swim on side. We should find lots of these at Rockbridge SP.

37. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESCrustaceans-2 ISOPODS-Flat like sowbug or pillbug or rolley-polley We should find some of these at Rockbridge SP.

38. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESMolluscs Snails and Clams

39. SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES • Amoeba (Protista, Sarcodina)) • Paramecium (Protista, Ciliate) • Aeolosoma (Annelida) • Brown Hydra (Coelenterate) • Brown Planaria (Platyhelminthes) • Daphnia (Arthropod, Crustacean) • Rotifers (Philodina) • Vinegar Eel (Nematode)