The Evolution of Populations

The Evolution of Populations 0 21 Questions prepared by Fleur Ferro,Community College of Denver William Wischusen,Louisiana State University Ronald Balsamo,Villanova University

In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its ________. • stability in the face of environmental change • contribution to the gene pool of the next generation • genetic variability • mutation rate • health

In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its ________. stability in the face of environmental change contribution to the gene pool of the next generation genetic variability mutation rate health

Red short-horned cattle are homozygous for the red allele, white cattle are homozygous for the white allele, and roan cattle are heterozygotes. Population A consists of 36% red, 16% white, and 48% roan cattle. What are the allele frequencies? red  0.36, white  0.16 red  0.6, white  0.4 red  0.5, white  0.5 Allele frequencies cannot be determined unless the population is in equilibrium.

Indicate which of the Hardy–Weinberg conditions is being violated in the following example: Some moths on a tree are easier to see due to their lighter color and therefore are eaten by predators more often. large population size no mutation no gene flow random mating occurring no selection

Indicate which of the Hardy–Weinberg conditions is being violated in this example: Female sailfin blennies (a fish) tend to choose males with either a large sailfin on top of their heads or the best flicking motion of their sailfin. large population size no mutation no gene flow random mating occurring no selection

Indicate which of the Hardy–Weinberg conditions is being violated in this example: Due to global warming, a river has dried up, allowing two different rabbit populations to mate with one another, whereas they were isolated before. large population size no mutation no gene flow random mating occurring no selection

The textbook discusses how the conversion of quality habitat into farmland has greatly depleted the greater prairie chicken populations and, as a result, their genetic diversity. Which of the following occurred in this example? founder effects mutation natural selection gene flow bottlenecking

Indicate what type of selection is occurring in the example here: Due to less snowfall in an area, white mice are predated on more than intermediate- or dark-colored mice. directional selection disruptive selection stabilizing selection

Indicate what type of selection is occurring in the example here: During a drought, it was discovered that finches with large beaks and those with small beaks were more successful due to the food sources available during the drought. directional selection disruptive selection stabilizing selection

The frequency of cystic fibrosis, a recessive genetic disease, is 1 per 2,500 births among Northern Europeans. Assuming random mating, what is the frequency of carriers? 1/2,500, or about 0.04% 1/50, or about 2% 1/25, or about 4% The frequency cannot be calculated because selection violates Hardy–Weinberg assumptions.

Until the 1950s, infants born with cystic fibrosis did not survive longer than a few months. If the frequency of carriers was 4% in the year 1900, what proportion of CF alleles was eliminated in one generation? 100% 50% 4% 2%  0.1%

Before treatment with 3TC, did 3TC-resistant viruses exist in these patients? yes no no way to tell

A high proportion of the cats on Key West have extra toes (polydactyly). What is the most likely explanation? high rate of mutation founder effect bottleneck effect directional selection for extra toes

The Evolution of Populations