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Chapter 5

Mrs. Carter Sections 1-3 VUS.5. Chapter 5. Section 1. Creation of Government. American leaders were fearful of a powerful central government like England They created the Articles of Confederation- adopted at the end of the war. Articles of Confederation. November 1777

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Chapter 5

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  1. Mrs. Carter Sections 1-3 VUS.5 Chapter 5

  2. Section 1

  3. Creation of Government • American leaders were fearful of a powerful central government like England • They created the Articles of Confederation- adopted at the end of the war

  4. Articles of Confederation • November 1777 • Adopted by Continental Congress • A plan for a loose union of states under the authority of the Congress

  5. Articles of Confederation • A weak central government • No power to tax or regulate commerce (trade) among the states • No common currency • Gave each state ONE vote- regardless of size • No executive or judicial branch • COULD- declare war, raise armies and sign treaties

  6. Raising Money • Congress decided to sell land west of the Appalachian Mountains to raise $$$$ • Northwest Ordinance- 1787- land was surveyed and divided into townships 6 sq. miles. Each township was further divided into 36 sections (1 sq. mi. each). • Congress chose a governor and had laws regarding the necessary population for electing a legislature and becoming a new STATE

  7. Northwest Ordinance • Guaranteed freedom of religion, property rights and a right to trial by jury • No slavery in the new territory

  8. Trade • Congress promoted trade with other countries because of trade restrictions placed by England. New trade treaties led to a booming trade industry in the US

  9. Trade Problems • American artisans and merchants went out of business when British merchants flooded the market with inexpensive goods. • States retaliated by imposing duties on imported goods ***not all states applied an equal tax SO Brits imported goods where the tax was lower • States began treating each other as separate countries- started losing their unified feeling

  10. Problems with Diplomacy • Treaty of Paris allowed British lenders to sue for collection of debts in American courts • Congress lacked power to force states • US had agreed to return confiscated Loyalist property • Congress lacked power to enforce • Britain retaliated by refusing to evacuated American soil as they had agreed to

  11. Economic Crisis • Severe recession (economic slowdown) following the war • Farmers had a difficult time repaying loans • Paper $$ led to inflation

  12. Shays’ Rebellion • Massachusetts 1786 • Government raised taxes instead of issuing paper $ to pay for debt • Hardest on western farmers- couldn’t pay taxes, debts and mortgages- faced losing farms • Farmers rebelled shutting down county courthouses to prevent farm foreclosures

  13. Shays’ Rebellion • January 1787 • Shays and 1200 farmers went to a state arsenal to seize weapons • Defended by state militia • Resulted in the death of 4 farmers • Rebellion ended when 4,000 troops arrived • ** Many people began calling for a stronger central government

  14. Section 2

  15. Nationalists • Those who supported a stronger central government • George Washington • Benjamin Franklin • James Madison • John Adams • Alexander Hamilton

  16. Constitutional Convention • May 1787 • Philadelphia • All but Rhode Island attended • James Madison kept a record of all sessions- convention was closed to the public

  17. Virginia Plan • James Madison • Get rid of the Articles of Confederation • New national gov’t- 3 branches • 2 houses of legislation • # of reps. Based upon state population • Would benefit large states

  18. New Jersey Plan • Counterproposal • Modified Articles of Confederation to make central government stronger • 1 house- Congress • Each state gets EQUAL representation • Power to raise taxes and regulate trade

  19. Constitution • Began to write • Issues: • Slavery • Protect small states from big states when voting • The GREAT COMPROMISE (Connecticut Compromise)

  20. Great Compromise • 1 house of Congress- House of Reps- states represented according to population • 2nd house- Senate- equal representation

  21. Slave Question • Question???? How to count slaves? • South- count slaves for representation • North- if counted for representation then count for taxation • 3/5 Compromise- every 5 slaves counted as 3 free people toward representation and taxation

  22. Ratification of Constitution • Constitution agreed upon, approved by Continental Congress and submitted to states to be ratified. • Needs 9 out of 13 states.

  23. Popular Sovereignty • Rule by the people

  24. Separation of Powers • 3 branches of the federal government • Legislative- 2 houses of Congress- makes laws • Executive- president- implement and enforce laws • Judicial- federal courts- interpret the laws • A system of checks and balances to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful.

  25. Federalism • Government power divided between the federal government and state governments

  26. Amendments • Forefathers recognized changes to the Constitution may be necessary over time. They created a system for making amendments- proposal and ratification. • The Constitution is a LIVING document.

  27. Section 3

  28. Federalists • Supported the Constitution • Large landowners, merchants, artisans- anyone who depended on trade for their livelihood • Wanted a STRONG central government • Needed to regulate trade and foreign relations • Argued checks and balanced would prevent a dictatorship • Federalist Papers

  29. Federalist Papers • Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay • Arguments FOR ratification of the Constitution

  30. Anti-Federalists • Supported a strong STATE government • Wanted a Bill of Rights included • Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, George Mason • Western Farmers • Feared loosing their rights

  31. Ratification • Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut- Ratified • Massachusetts, Maryland, S. Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia- Ratified with a Bill of Rights • New York- Ratified when all surrounding states had • Rhode Island, N. Carolina- Ratified after the new gov’t was in place

  32. Virginia Declaration of Rights • George Mason • Reiterated the notion that basic human rights should not be violated by governments

  33. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom • Thomas Jefferson • Outlawed the established church • Practice of government support for one favored church

  34. Bill of Rights • James Madison- Virginia • Used the Virginia Declaration of Rights and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom • First 10 amendments to the Constitution

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