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Higher Our Dynamic Universe

Higher Our Dynamic Universe. QUESTION 1. Which of the following statements about vectors and scalars is/are true? Scalars have direction only. b) Vectors have both magnitude and direction. c) Speed is a scalar and velocity is a vector. d) Distance is a vector and displacement is a scalar.

juliebrooks
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Higher Our Dynamic Universe

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  1. HigherOur Dynamic Universe

  2. QUESTION 1 • Which of the following statements about vectors and scalars is/are true? • Scalars have direction only. • b) Vectors have both magnitude and direction. • c) Speed is a scalar and velocity is a vector. • d) Distance is a vector and displacement is a scalar.

  3. QUESTION 2 A car travels from X to Y in one hour 15 minutes and then from Y to Z in one hour as shown in the diagram below. Calculate or find: a) Distance travelled. b) Average speed c) Displacement. d) Average Velocity.

  4. QUESTION 3 • A long distance athlete runs from point P to point Q and then jogs to point R. She takes 20 minutes to run from P to Q and then 40 minutes to jog from Q to R. • Calculate or find: • Average speed of the athlete. • Average velocity of the athlete.

  5. QUESTION 4 The diagram below shows the resultant of two vectors. Which combination of vectors could produce this resultant vector?

  6. QUESTION 5 Which of the following contains one vector and twoscalar quantities?

  7. QUESTION 6 How far from point X does the object hit the ground?

  8. QUESTION 7 A helicopter is flying at a constant height above the ground. The helicopter is carrying a crate suspended from a cable as shown below.

  9. QUESTION 8 Two cyclists X and Y choose different routes to travel from point A to point B some distance away. Cyclist X travels 10km due East followed by 14km on a bearing of 210° in 90 minutes. Cyclist Y travels directly from A to B ‘as then crow flies’ and reaches point B at the same time as cyclist X. Calculate or find: a) Displacement from A to B. b) Average velocity of cyclist X from A to B. c) The average speed of cyclist Y if they reach point B at the same time as cyclist X.

  10. QUESTION 9 A ball is thrown vertically upwards from ground level. When it falls to the ground it bounces several times before coming to rest. Which of the graphs below represent the motion of the ball from leaving the throwers hand until it hits the ground for a second time?

  11. QUESTION 10 An LHS student sets up the apparatus in the diagram below to measure the average acceleration of a model car as it travels between P and Q.

  12. QUESTION 11 Which of the following acceleration-time graphs represent the same motion shown in the velocity-time graph?

  13. QUESTION 12 A car accelerates uniformly from rest and travels a distance of 60m in 6s. Calculate the acceleration of the car.

  14. QUESTION 13 A car is travelling at 30ms-1 when it is 50m from a stationary lorry. The car moves in a straight line and manages to stop just before it reaches the lorry. a) Calculate the acceleration of the car. b) What does the value calculated in a) tell us?

  15. QUESTION 14 The velocity-time graph for the motion of an object starting from rest is shown below. Which of the following statements about the motion of the object is/are true?

  16. QUESTION 15 A lift in a hotel makes a return journey from the ground floor to the top floor and then back again. The corresponding velocity-time graph is shown below. Sketch the associated acceleration-time graph from the velocity–time graph shown above.

  17. QUESTION 16 The acceleration-time graph for an object travelling in a straight line is shown below. Sketch the corresponding velocity-time graph from the acceleration-time graph shown above.

  18. QUESTION 17

  19. QUESTION 18 A helicopter is descending vertically at a constant speed of 3ms-1. A sandbag is released from the helicopter and hits the ground 7s later. Calculate the height of the helicopter above the ground at the time that the sandbag was released.

  20. QUESTION 19 A vehicle is travelling in a straight line. Which pair of graphs could represent the motion of the vehicle?

  21. QUESTION 20

  22. QUESTION 21 An object starts from rest and accelerates in a straight line. The graph below shows the objects acceleration over a 5s time interval. a)Calculate the velocity of the object after 5s. b)Draw the velocity-time graph over the 5s. c)Calculate the displacement of the object over the 5s.

  23. QUESTION 22 A golfer strikes a golf ball which then moves off at an angle to the ground as shown below. The graphs below show how the horizontal and vertical components of velocity vary with time. Calculate or find: a)Time to reach the maximum height. b)Maximum height reached. c)Horizontal range of the ball. d)The resultant velocity of the ball on impact with the ground.

  24. QUESTION 23 The following velocity-time graph represents the vertical motion of a ball over its 4s trajectory. If the ball has a constant horizontal velocity of 15ms-1, then calculate or find: a)The angle that the ball is projected at. b)Maximum height reached. c)The horizontal range of the ball. d)The resultant velocity on impact with the ground. e) How can you tell that the vertical displacement is zero over the balls trajectory from the information given?

  25. QUESTION 24 A ball is projected with a horizontal velocity from a bench. The ball travels a horizontal distance XY as shown below.

  26. QUESTION 25 A cannonball is fired horizontally at 40ms-1 from the top of a vertical cliff and hits a target. The height of the cliff above sea-level is 80m as shown below. Calculate or find: a) Time taken for the cannonball to hit the target. b) Horizontal displacement of the cannonball. c) The resultant velocity of the cannonball at the instant that it hits the target. d) What assumption has been made in all of the calculations?

  27. QUESTION 26 A golf ball is projected with a velocity of 24ms-1 at an angle of 38° to the horizontal. Calculate or find: a)Initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity of the ball. b)Time to reach the maximum height. c)Maximum height reached. The golf ball then hits the ground 15m below the maximum height reached. d)Calculate the horizontal displacement of the ball at this point. (A sketch of the trajectory would be useful!!)

  28. QUESTION 27 A golf ball is projected at an angle of 32° from the horizontal with a velocity of 43ms-1. Calculate or find: a)The initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity of the ball. b)How long it takes the ball to travel from O to Q. c)The horizontal distance travelled by the ball from O to P and then from O to Q.

  29. QUESTION 28 A javelin is thrown at 60° to the horizontal with a speed of 20ms-1 and is in flight for 3.2s. Calculate or find: a)The initial horizontal and vertical components of the javelins velocity. b) The maximum height reached by the javelin. c) Horizontal displacement of the javelin. d) What assumption has been made in all of the calculations?

  30. QUESTION 29 A ball is fired vertically upwards from the top of a launcher at 6ms-1 as shown in the diagram below. The launcher has a constant horizontal speed of 1.5ms-1. Calculate or find: a) The time for the ball to reach its maximum height. b) How far the maximum height is above the top of the launcher. c) The resultant velocity of the ball as it leaves the top of the launcher.

  31. QUESTION 30 The basketball in the diagram above is thrown with an initialresultant velocityof 6.90ms-1 at an angle of 50° to the horizontal. Calculate or find: a)The initial horizontal component of velocity of the ball. b)The time for the ball to reach the basket. c) The height h at the top of the basket.

  32. QUESTION 31 A hot air balloon of mass 350kg has people with a total mass of 200kg on board. Calculate the upthrust force acting on the balloon if it accelerates upwards at 0.2ms-2.

  33. QUESTION 32 A block of weight 1500N is dragged along a horizontal road by a force of 500N. Calculate the acceleration of the block if a force of friction of 41N acts against the blocks movement.

  34. QUESTION 33 A lunar landing craft descends vertically towards the surface of the Moon while accelerating at -0.4ms-2. If the craft and the crew have a total mass of 16,000kg then calculate the upthrust force acting on the lunar craft. (g = 1.6Nkg-1 on the Moon)

  35. QUESTION 34 A tension force of 170N is applied vertically upwards on a block of mass 15kg. Calculate the acceleration of the block if the air resistance acting against its motion is 11N.

  36. QUESTION 35 A block of mass 4.0kg and a block of mass 6.0kg are linked by a spring balance of negligible mass. Calculate the total pulling force on the system if the reading on the spring balance is 12N.

  37. QUESTION 36 A horizontal force of 30N is applied as shown to two wooden blocks that are in contact with each other. If a frictional force of 5N acts against the motion of the blocks then calculate the resultant horizontal force acting on the 7kg block.

  38. QUESTION 37 An LHS student performs an experiment to study the motion of the lift in the STEM Academy going from the second floor to the ground floor using bathroom scales.

  39. QUESTION 37 (Cont’d) The LHS student records the reading on the scales at different parts of the lifts journey as follows. • Calculate or find: • The mass of the LHS student. • The initial acceleration of the lift. • Acceleration of the lift as it comes to rest.

  40. QUESTION 38 A block of wood of mass 4kg accelerates down the slope with an acceleration of 0.5ms-2. Calculate the force of friction acting on the block.

  41. QUESTION 39 A sledge is pulled a distance of 12m in a straight line along a horizontal surface by a force of 80N acting at 28° to the horizontal. Calculate the work done on the sledge by the rope.

  42. QUESTION 40 A boat is pulled along a canal with an acceleration of 0.25ms-2. Calculate the mass of the boat is the frictional force acting on the boat is 41N.

  43. QUESTION 41 A box of mass 20kg is pulled along a horizontal surface with a force of 8.1N at an angle of 26° to the horizontal. • Calculate or find: • a) The acceleration of the box if a frictional force of 1.28N is acting against its motion. • b) The horizontal distance travelled by the box in 6s.

  44. QUESTION 42 A hot air balloon has a mass of 600kg. It is tethered to the ground with two ropes, which make an angle of 25° to the vertical as shown below. Calculate the tension in each rope.

  45. QUESTION 43 The combined mass of a cycle and rider is 85kg. The cyclist rides down the hill inclined at 15° with an acceleration of 0.6ms-2. He then rides up another hill inclined at 20° with an acceleration of -0.4ms-2. • Find and Calculate: • The forces acting with and against the cyclist when he is riding down the hill. • The forces acting with and against the cyclist when he is riding up the hill.

  46. QUESTION 44 An LHS student of mass 60kg on a sledge of mass 10kg slides down a slope which is 20° to the horizontal. Calculate or find: a) The component of weight of the student on the sledge acting down the slope. b) The initial acceleration if the force of friction acting is 14.6N. c) How could it be possible for the student on the sledge to stop accelerating and move with a constant speed instead?

  47. QUESTION 45 A capsule on a fairground ride is held stationary with an electromagnet, while the tension in the elastic chords is increased using the winches. The capsule contains four passengers and has a total mass of 400kg. Calculate or find: a)The tension in each chord if they have a vertical component of tension of 4000N when held at 25°. b) The initial acceleration of the capsule. c) Show by calculation how the acceleration decreases as the capsule rises.

  48. QUESTION 46 A car is designed with a ‘crumple-zone’ so that the front of the car collapses during impact. The purpose of the crumple-zone is to

  49. QUESTION 47 Car manufacturers fit air bags which inflate automatically during an accident, as shown below. The purpose of the air bag is to protect the driver by

  50. QUESTION 48 a) State the law of conservation of linear momentum when it is applied to a collision between two objects. b) Calculate the speed of car A if it runs into the back of car B, with both cars joining together after the collision with a speed of 15ms-1. c) Show by calculation what type of collision is taking place.

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