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Write down the formulae for these: Iron (II) Sulfate Magnesium Oxide Silver Carbonate

Write down the formulae for these: Iron (II) Sulfate Magnesium Oxide Silver Carbonate Sodium Phosphate Copper Hydroxide Aluminium Hydroxide Barium Nitrate. Which of these are “ cations ”? Which of these are “anions”? Which of these are “polyatomic ions”?.

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Write down the formulae for these: Iron (II) Sulfate Magnesium Oxide Silver Carbonate

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  1. Write down the formulae for these: Iron (II) Sulfate Magnesium Oxide Silver Carbonate Sodium Phosphate Copper Hydroxide Aluminium Hydroxide Barium Nitrate

  2. Which of these are “cations”? Which of these are “anions”? Which of these are “polyatomic ions”? Chloride Cl- Sulfate SO42- Zinc Zn2+ Sodium Na+ Carbonate CO32- Hydroxide OH- Hydrogen H+ Nitrate NO3- Oxide O2- Calcium Ca2+

  3. Write down the formulae for these ionic compounds Potassium Chloride Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium Chloride Sodium Carbonate Magnesium Hydroxide Magnesium Nitrate

  4. Write down the electron configuration of a chlorine atom Write down the electron configuration of a chloride ion Write down the symbol and charge of the chloride ion Describe HOW ions are formed Describe WHY ions are formed Describe the difference between atoms and ions

  5. Question ONE atoms of same number of protons but different number of neutrons number of protons number of protons + neutrons protons, electrons, neutrons Question TWO Sodium = 2, 8, 1 Oxygen = 2, 6 Calcium = 2, 8, 8, 2 Si (silicon) = 2, 8, 4 Ar (argon) = 2, 8, 8

  6. Question FOUR Ions have charge, but atoms don’t. Atoms are neutral (#protons = #electrons), but ions have charge because they have unequal number of protons and electrons after losing/gaining electrons. Question FIVE Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons, in order to obtain full outer shell.

  7. Ions • An ion is an atom or a group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons. • Atoms always want to have outer shells that are complete (full), giving it stable electron structure. • Atoms which gain electrons become ________ charged – called “anions” • Atoms which lose electrons become ________ charged – called “cations”

  8. Ion formation - Example What is the electron configuration (arrangement) of a sulfur atom? Will it lose or gain electron(s)? How many? Protons (+) vs. Electrons (-) Cation or anion? What is the new electron configuration?

  9. Neutral Atoms 3 9 Atomic # : Atomic # : Li F # or electrons in a neutral atom : # or electrons in a neutral atom : 3 9

  10. Ions Li F Cation Li+ Anion F-

  11. Ions Be O Cation Be2+ Anion O2-

  12. Cations (positively charged ions) • Hydrogen H+ • Lithium Li+ • Sodium Na+ • Calcium Ca2+ • Magnesium Mg2+ • Zinc Zn2+ • Aluminium Al3+

  13. Anions (negatively charged ions) • Chloride Cl- • Oxide O2- • Sulfide S2- • Hydroxide OH- • Nitrate NO3- • Sulfate SO42- • Carbonate CO32-

  14. Hydrogen H+ Lithium Li+ Sodium Na+ Calcium Ca2+ Magnesium Mg2+ Zinc Zn2+ Aluminium Al3+ Iron II Fe2+ Iron III Fe3+ Chloride Cl- Oxide O2- Sulfide S2- Hydroxide OH- Nitrate NO3- Sulfate SO42- Carbonate CO32-

  15. Practical – producing “iron sulfide”

  16. Give names of any three cations Give names of any three anions What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

  17. Writing formulae for ionic compounds

  18. How to write down the formulae for ionic compounds Look at the charges of the ions you are putting together. If “positive charge = negative charge”, then just put their formulae together (easy!) Example: Mg2+ + CO32-→ MgCO3 Remember – there is no need to write down the charges (the little numbers on the top with plus and minus)on the final answer

  19. But what about putting these two together? Na+ and CO32-The charges are unbalanced here. To make it balanced, you need TWO sodium ions (Na+). 2Na+ + CO32-→ Na2CO3 What about these two? Ca2+ and Cl-Ca2+ + 2Cl-→ CaCl2

  20. Be careful when you deal with polyatomic ions (e.g. NO3-). You have to put brackets around them if you have more than one. For example: Ca2+ + 2OH-→ Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2NO3-→ Ca(NO3)2 Can you work out this one? Al3+ + CO32- → __________

  21. Try these… Sodium chloride Sodium hydroxide Sodium nitrate Magnesium Oxide Magnesium sulfate Magnesium carbonate Calcium carbonate

  22. Now try these… Sodium carbonate Lithium carbonate Potassium sulfate Sodium phosphate Magnesium chloride Calcium chloride Aluminium chloride

  23. Are you ready for these? Calcium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium nitrate Zinc nitrate Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium nitrate Aluminium carbonate

  24. Chemical Formulae • A molecule of glucose contains what elements? In what proportions? C6H12O6 • Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen • Twice as many Hydrogen as Carbons and Oxygens. • Sucrose is two glucose molecules bonded together. What is its chemical formula?

  25. Ionic Compounds sodium chlorine Use Lewis dot diagrams Cl Na 1+ 1-

  26. Ionic Compounds sodium chlorine sodium chloride NaCl Cl Na 1+ 1-

  27. Ionic Compounds • How do we write the Formula? Reactant + Reactant Product Na+ + Cl- NaCl

  28. Ionic Compounds lithium oxygen 1+ Li O 1- 2- Li 1+

  29. Ionic Compounds lithium oxygen Lithium oxide Li2O 1+ Li O 2- Li 1+

  30. Ionic Compounds • How do we write the Formula? Reactant + Reactant Product Li+ + O2- Li2O 2

  31. Try This ! aluminum oxygen aluminum oxide Al2O3 O Al O Al O

  32. Ionic Compounds • How do we write the Formula? Reactant + Reactant Product Al3+ + O2- Al2O3 2 3

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