1 / 31

Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process – Part I

Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process – Part I. Chapter 13. Deposit Creation. Who is involved? Fed Banks Depositors Borrowers. The Fed’s Balance Sheet. Assets Liabilities Security holdings Notes Loans Reserve Deposits Gold and SDRs Treasury deposits

julio
Download Presentation

Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process – Part I

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process – Part I Chapter 13

  2. Deposit Creation • Who is involved? • Fed • Banks • Depositors • Borrowers

  3. The Fed’s Balance Sheet • Assets Liabilities • Security holdings Notes • Loans Reserve Deposits • Gold and SDRs Treasury deposits • Cash Items For. & Agency Deposits • Coin Deferred Availability Cash Items • Other Assets Other Lia. & Capital • Physical and For. Cur.

  4. Monetary base or high-powered money • MB = Fed notes + Treasury currency – coin + bank reserves • MB = C + R • Uses of base are C + R

  5. Sources of base Federal Reserve Credit Securities Discount Lending Float Gold and SDR’s Other Fed assets Treasury currency

  6. Monetary Base • Monetary Base $ 808.8b • Currency $ 742.7b • Reserves $ 45.4b • Vault Cash (Reserves) $ 34.7b • Deposits $ 10.7b • Surplus Vault Cash $ 13.5b • Clearing Balances $ 7.2b

  7. Bank Reserves • Total Reserves $ 45.4b • Required $ 43.6b • Excess $ 1.8b • Borrowed Reserves $ 175m • Primary $ 24m • Seasonal $ 151m Data as of May 2006

  8. Controlling the Monetary Base • Open Market Operations • Lending to Financial Institutions • Fed has better control of base than of reserves

  9. Open Market Operations • Open market purchase • Buy securities from bank or public • Example: Purchase from bank Bank Assets LiabilitiesSecurities -$100 Reserves +$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Securities +$100 Reserves +$100

  10. Open Market Operations • Next, assume security purchased from nonbank public Pat Public Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Dem.Dep+$100 Pat’s Bank Assets Liabilities Reserves +$100 Dem.Dep. +$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Securities +$100 Reserves +$100

  11. Open Market Operations • Result differs if Pat holds currency • In both cases, monetary base increases, but reserves increase only when funds deposited in bank Pat Public Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Currency +$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Securities +$100 Currency +$100

  12. Open Market Operations • Open Market Sale Pat Public Assets Liabilities Securities +$100 Currency -$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Currency -$100

  13. Increase in Currency • Shifts from deposits to currency reduce bank reserves but leaves base unchanged Pat Public Assets Liabilities Demand Deposits -$100 Currency +$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Reserves -$100 Currency +$100 Banks Assets Liabilities Reserves -$100 Demand Deposits -$100

  14. Foreign Exchange Intervention • Purchases and sale of foreign currency has same effect as security purchases and sales

  15. Discount Loans • Bank borrows reserves from Fed Bank Assets Liabilities Reserves +$100 Loans +$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Loans +$100 Reserves +$100

  16. Discount Loans • Bank repays loan Bank Assets Liabilities Reserves -$100 Loans -$100 Fed Assets Liabilities Loans -$100 Reserves -$100

  17. Float and Treasury deposits • Float and Treasury deposits affect monetary base. • Fed can still control base by engaging in offsetting open market operations.

  18. Multiple Deposit Creation • Fractional reserve banking – hold a fraction of deposits as reserves • Assume bank sells security to Fed, reserves increase. • Also assume no excess reserves or currency. • Required reserves are 10%

  19. Multiple Deposit Creation • Bank 1 sells security, gains reserves Bank 1 Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Reserves +$100

  20. Multiple Deposit Creation • Bank 1 has $100 of excess reserves, makes loan of $100 Bank 1 Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Demand Deposits +$100 Reserves +$100 Loan +$100

  21. Multiple Deposit Creation • Borrower writes check, spends loan Bank 1 Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Loan +$100 Funds deposited in Bank 2 Bank 2 Assets Liabilities Reserves +$100 Demand Deposits +$100

  22. Multiple Deposit Creation • Bank 2 has required reserves of $10 (10% 0f $100), and excess reserves of $90. Loans $90. Bank 2 Assets Liabilities Reserves +$100 Demand Deposits +$100 Loans + $90 Demand Deposits + $90 Note that deposits of $90 created. Total deposits $190.

  23. Multiple Deposit Creation • Borrower spends proceeds of loan, which are deposited in Bank 3 Bank 2 Assets Liabilities Reserves +$10 Demand Deposits +$100 Loans + $90 Bank 3 Assets Liabilities Reserves +$90 Demand Deposits +$90

  24. Multiple Deposit Creation • Bank 3 has excess reserves of $81 (10% of $90), which it uses to make loan Bank 3 Assets Liabilities Reserves +$90 Demand Deposits +$90 Loan +$81 Demand Deposits +$81 Process continues

  25. Deposit Creation

  26. Multiple Deposit Creation • Result for banking system Banking System Assets Liabilities Securities -$100 Demand Deposits +$1000 Reserves +$100 Loans +$1000 If banks purchase securities instead of making loans, deposit expansion is the same.

  27. Simple deposit multiplier • Multiplier reflects increase in deposits for a given increase in reserves D = 1/r x R • Change in demand deposits equals one divided by required reserve ratio times change in reserves • In levels D = 1/r x R • Total demand deposits equals one divided by reserve ratio times total reserves.

  28. Multiple Contraction • Loss of reserves results in multiple contraction of deposits • Assume bank buys security and reduces reserves Bank A Assets Liabilities Securities +$100 Reserves -$100

  29. Multiple Contraction • Bank is short of reserves of $100, assuming no excess reserves • When loan is repaid, bank gains reserves, and has no shortage • Loan paid from a check on Bank B, which is now short of reserves Bank B Assets Liabilities Reserves -$100 Demand Deposits -$100

  30. Multiple Contraction • Bank B is short $90 of reserves (since DD down $100) • Bank B can replenish reserves by reducing loans by $90 Bank B Assets Liabilities Reserves -$10 Demand Deposits -$100 Loans -$90

  31. Multiple Contraction • For system as a whole, deposits fall by multiple of drop in reserves Banking System Assets Liabilities Securities +$100 Demand Deposits -$1000 Reserve -$100 Loans -$1000 Limitations of analysis: Assumes no currency or excess reserves Changing these assumptions changes multiplier

More Related