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Washington State’s Changing Energy Picture

Washington State’s Changing Energy Picture. Changing Risk Picture. Presented by David Byers Response Manager Dept. of Ecology. Changing Energy Picture in Washington State. Crude Oil Types (Bitumen vs. Bakken ) Oil Behavior, Fate and Effects Oil Transportation Rail Pipeline

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Washington State’s Changing Energy Picture

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  1. Washington State’sChanging Energy Picture Changing Risk Picture Presented by David Byers Response Manager Dept. of Ecology

  2. Changing Energy Picture in Washington State • Crude Oil Types (Bitumen vs. Bakken) • Oil Behavior, Fate and Effects • Oil Transportation • Rail • Pipeline • Vessel (tank ship, barge) • Responder and Public Safety Concerns • Changing Risk Picture

  3. Westshore Terminal, BC BP – 225,000 bpd Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain 170,000 bpd Phillips 66 – 96,000 bpd Tesoro – 120,000 bpd Oil Tankers – 7.2 B gpy Shell – 145,000 bpd CP Yellowstone Pipeline 83 M gpy US Oil – 38,000 bpd Olympic Pipeline 300,000 bpd Chevron (Tesoro) Pipeline 375 M gpy

  4. BP Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Expansion Gateway Pacific Phillips 66 Tesoro Oil Tankers Shell US Oil Imperium Westway US Development Millennium Tesoro + Cascade Grain Paramount

  5. Oil Sands Products

  6. Typical Ore Range • 55-80% sand • 5-34% fines • 4-18% bitumen • 2-15% water • 73% sand • 10% fines • 12% bitumen • 5% water

  7. OSP Vocabulary Bitumen – Extra Heavy Crude Oil, Biodegraded in-situ Dilbit – Bitumen diluted for transportation (30:70) Diluent – Low viscosity ‘product’ mixed with bitumen CRW – Condensate Redwater; crude naptha Syncrude – Synthetic “bottomless” crude cracked on-site Synbit – Syncrude + Bitumen (50:50) Dilsynbit – Diluent + Syncrude + Bitumen

  8. Bakken Crude Oil Development

  9. Bakken Crude • Light sweet crude • No pipeline infrastructure • Unit trains • ‘Wet’ Corridors in WA • Up to 3% benzene • Behavior is similar to ANS crude, just lighter

  10. Bitumen/Bakken Behavior/Fate • Lack of testing & data • Bitumen Density: 0.94 to 1.03 • Evaporation: • < 5% in 9 days for Bitumen • 75% in 2 days for Bakken • 30% in 2 days for ANS • Weathering & Sinking (primary factors) • Emulsifying • Sediment Interaction • Photo oxidation (grape skin) • Biodegradation: slower with higher PAH concentrations

  11. Spill Case Study Burrard Inlet, Burnaby, BC– July 25, 2007 - Pipeline rupture due to utility contractor excavation - 58,000 gallons dilsynbit, 25,000 gallons to water - Boomed within 40 minutes - Calm winds, warm weather, clear water

  12. Rail Transport BNSF is Primary Carrier in Washington • Currently shipping lots of Bakken • Expanding operations – rail car production limited • 300% Increase in crude deliveries last year • 680 bbls gallons/rail car • DOT 111 improvements

  13. Operating 1953 • Currently pushing 300,000 bpd • Expanding to 890,000 bpd • Twinning • Pump upgrades • Increased Storage capacity • Additional tanker berths

  14. Washington Upgrades • Currently 170,000 bpd • Increase to 225,000 bpd • 20” and 16” lines • 1 mile of 16” line increase to 20” • Additional pump at Laurel

  15. Spill Considerations • Response Safety • Fire/Explosion • Benzene • Lack of specific information on diluent • Changing Spill Risk – different exposures • Response Detection and Cleanup Effectiveness • Submerged Oil • Inadequate spill behavior/fate/effects/toxicity/ dispersant efficacy information

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