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Nonspecific Defenses

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Nonspecific Defenses

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    2. Host Resistance Three levels.

    6. Mechanical Factors Epidermis Keratinated -skin Non-keratinated mucous membranes, Mouth- GI tract Trachea- bronchii Vagina Physical Barrier

    7. Lacrimal Glands Tears Lysozyme Gram positive

    8. Ciliary Escalator Ciliated epithelium Upper trachea Moves mucus Dust, microbes trapped in sticky mucus Escalator Swallowed Destroyed by stomach acid

    9. Chemical factors Sebum -oil, pH 5.5 Perspiration Lysozyme- G + Gastric Juices- pH 2 Vaginal secretions - pH 5. Antimicrobial peptides - NEW !

    10. Normal Microflora Lactobacillus inhibits Candida albicans in vagina. E. coli inhibits Salmonaella and Shigella in large intestines. Proprioibacteria and S. epidermidis (skin) inhibit S. aureus.

    11. Blood Activities Leukocytes = all white blood cells. Phagocytes - WBCs that can engulf particles. Lymphocytes - make antibodies (specific).

    12. Lymphatic System Lymphatic system - a system of lymph veins that parallels the circulatory system. Lymphocytes - make antibodies (specific). Stimulated by bacteria, LPS. Controlled by cytokines (chemical messengers).

    15. Phagocytosis

    17. Inflammation

    18. Inflammation

    19. FEVER

    20. Complement

    26. Interferons

    27. Chemical factors Antimicrobial peptides b-definsins- WBCs Cathelecidins -skin, lungs, testis Forms channels that insert into bacterial membranes. Present in insects and lower life forms. Mammals (include Humans) have these too.

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