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SSUSH 12

SSUSH 12. Standards. SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth. a. Describe Ellis Island , the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America.

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SSUSH 12

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  1. SSUSH 12

  2. Standards • SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth. • a. DescribeEllis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America. • b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers. • c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee. • d. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest.

  3. Ellis Island

  4. Ellis Island – immigration station in New York harbor where immigrants are checked in • New groups: mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe; Jewish or Catholic; usually spoke no English • Forced to pass health and welfare tests to be eligible to enter • Tended to settle in other areas with people who spoke same languages, worshipped same religion, same cultures

  5. Effect of new immigrants on America • Immigrants moved to urban areas, cities • Likely to be poor, could not afford to buy farmland • Worked as unskilled laborers, • Communities to recreate their cultures of their home countries

  6. Unions • Working conditions in factories were terrible • Long workdays • Low pay • Dangerous working conditions • No vacations • Individual workers had no power • Competition for jobs stiffer as women, blacks and farmers move to cities for jobs • Unions – workers band together for more power

  7. Unions viewed as “rabble rousers”, anarchists, socialists • Government did not support unions • Many early unions failed • National Labor Union • Knights of Labor • Hard to bargain collectively if represent very diverse group or if employers can hire strike breakers

  8. American Federation of Labor – created by Samuel Gompers • 1886 • Use strikes to convince employers to grant shorter work days, working conditions, higher wages, greater control over workplace responsibilities. • Excluded farmers, blacks, women and unskilled immigrants • Became one of the most powerful labor unions in 20th century

  9. Strike! • Strikes used to force bargaining • Railroad Strike of 1877 • Coer d’Alene Strike (silver-mine strike in Idaho) 1892 • Homestead Strike (Andrew Carnegie’s Homestead Steel in Pittsburgh) • All ended with the federal government sending in troops to end the strike

  10. Pullman Labor Strike 1894 • Pullman Palace Car Company (Chicago) • Company cut wages 30% during an economic depression • Labor organizer Eugene V. Debs organized strike • 150,000 American Railroad Union members refuse to work • Destroyed Pullman cars, delayed trains • President Cleveland send in troops to break strike; Debs was arrested

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