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The Hadron Physics Program at COSY-ANKE : selected results

Baryons2013 International Conference on the Structure of Baryons June 24 th – 28 th 2013, Glasgow. The Hadron Physics Program at COSY-ANKE : selected results. June 26, 2013 | Andro Kacharava (JCHP/IKP, FZ-Jülich). Outline. Introduction Overview of the program

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The Hadron Physics Program at COSY-ANKE : selected results

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  1. Baryons2013 International Conference on the Structure of Baryons June 24th – 28th 2013, Glasgow The Hadron Physics Program at COSY-ANKE: selected results June 26, 2013 | Andro Kacharava (JCHP/IKP, FZ-Jülich)

  2. Outline • Introduction • Overview of the program • Experimental facilities (COSY, ANKE) • SPIN physics program: selected results • Nucleon-Nucleon scattering • Pion production • Hyperon-Nucleon interaction • Future measurements

  3. Introduction: Program overview Goal: Study of 3-body final states aiming to extract basic spin-dependent two-body scattering information Tools: •Hadronic probes (p,d) • Double polarization (beam and target) Topics: 1. NN scattering ↔ pp- and np-amplitudes, nuclear forces 2. Meson production ↔ NNπ amplitudes (PWA), ChPT 3. Strangeness production ↔ YN interaction, Nscattering lengths COSY proposal #152 ArXiv:nucl-ex/0511028

  4. Introduction: COSY storage ring COSY (COoler SYnchrotron) at Jülich (Germany) • Energy range: • 0.045 – 2.8 GeV (p) • 0.023 – 2.3 GeV (d) • Max. momentum ~ 3.7 GeV/c • Energy variation (ramping mode) • Electron and Stochastic cooling • Internal and external beams • High polarization (p,d) • Spin manipulation • Hadronic probes: protons, deuterons • Polarization: beam and targets

  5. Introduction: COSY overview • Hadron physics with hadronic probes • Experimental set-ups: • ANKE • WASA • EDM • (BNL/JEDI) • PAX • TOF (ext.) WASA ANKE EDM PAX TOF … the machine for hadron spin physics

  6. Apparatus: ANKE spectrometer ANKE PIT S. Barsov et al., NIM A 462, 364 (1997) • Main features: • Excellent Kaon identification (Positive and Negative) • Low energy proton (spectator) detection (STT) • Di-proton ({pp}s) selection (by FD) • Polarized (unpolarized) dense targets STT

  7. Apparatus: PIT at ANKE • Polarized Internal Target (PIT): • Polarised H (D) gas (ABS) in the cell • • Qy = 0, -1, +1, high degree >90% • • Density ≥ 1013 cm-2 • Storage cell: 20 x 15 x 390 mm3 • Lamb-shift Polarimeter COSY beam M. Mikirtychiants et al., NIM A 721, 83 (2013)

  8. NN scattering: Motivation (pp) d/d (pp) • Description of nucleon-nucleon interaction requires precise data for Phase Shift Analysis (PSA) • COSY-EDDA collaboration produced wealth of data (35°<θp<90°) forpp elastic scattering • Large impact on PSA > 0.5 GeV: Significantly reduced ambiguities in I=1 phase shifts • No exp. data at smaller angles(θp<35°) above Tp=1.0 GeV Ay (pp) EDDA ANKE F. Bauer et al., PRL 90, 142301 (2003) M. Altmeier et al., PRL 85, 1819 (2000)

  9. NN scattering: Motivation (np) np charge-exchange • R. Arndt: “Gross misconception within the community that np amplitudes are known up to a couple of GeV. np data above 800 MeV is a DESERT for experimentalists.” d/d (np) ANKE np forward np charge-exchange Ayy (np) ANKE is able to provide the experimental data for both: pp and np systems and improve our understanding of NN interaction ANKE np forward

  10. n → → d ↑ n p D ↑ p  d 2 2 2 2       , T , T , , 20 22 dq ↑ psp ↓ p NN scattering: Measurements at ANKE • np system: different isospin channel • via Charge-Exchange deuteron breakup: deuteron beam: dp→{pp}S (00)+n deuteron target: pd→{pp}S(1800)+n dp observables: d/d, T20,T22, CN,N quasi-free np observables:Ay, Ayy, Cyy,Cxy,y Epp< 3 MeV, {pp}s • Transition from d → (pp)1S0:pnnpspin flip • np spin-dependent ampl.s:

  11. NN scattering: pp elastic • dσ/dΩat 8 beam energies: Tp = 1.0, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8 • Precision measurements: • • Luminosity by Schottky technique ~ 2% • • Absolute cross section ~ 5% • Details: Stein et al., PR ST-AB 11, (2008) Tp = 1.0 GeV Preliminary SAID SAID SAID •ANKE •ANKE Tp = 2.8 GeV Tp = 2.0 GeV •ANKE

  12. NN scattering: pp elastic (Ay) ANKE exp., April 2013, on-line (fast) analysis Tp = 0.8 GeV • Ay for pp elastic (ANKE) at 6 beam energies: Tp = 0.8, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 • FD and STT detection system is used; • Analysis in progress ... • Beam polarization from EDDA • <Py> ≈ 50 to 65% (Preliminary) SAID  SAID  SAID Preliminary ANKE †ANKE + ANKE †ANKE + ANKE Tp = 2.0 GeV ANKE data shows different shape compared with SAID predictions at higher energies !

  13. NN scattering: np system D.Chiladze et al. EPJA 40, 23 (2009) • Di-proton program: {pp}in 1S0 state • Deuteron breakup: dp  {pp}sn (polarized beam) • np-data at Td = 1.2 GeV: • Proof of method ! • theory:Impulse approximation with current • SAID input[DB&CW, NPA 467, 575, (1987)] Axx (T22) Td = 1.2 GeV Ayy (T20) Achievements: • Method works at Td = 1.2 GeV • Application to higher energies • Td=1.6, 1.8, 2.27 GeV(for an angular range up to θc.m. < 350) Tn = 600 MeV SAID np amplitudes • Goal: deduce the energy dependence of the • spin-dependent np-elastic amplitudes

  14. NN scattering: np system (dσ/dq, Aii) D.Mchedlish. et al., EPJA 49, 49 (2013) dp  {pp}sn Td = 1.6 GeV (800 MeV/A) SAID ANKE Td = 1.8 GeV (900 MeV/A) Td = 2.27 GeV (1135 MeV/A) reduced by 25%

  15. → → dp → {pp}sn NN scattering: np system (Ay, Ci,i) D.Mchedlish. et al., EPJ A 49, 49 (2013) • Di-proton system, Epp < 3 MeV • New: measurements for Cx,x and Cy,y Td = 1.2 GeV Td = 1.2 GeV Td = 2.27 GeV Td = 2.27 GeV Problem with reduced by 25% • Challenge: put info (about np spin-dependent amplitudes) into the SAID program !

  16. NN scattering: np with Δ-isobar Td = 2.3 GeV • Di-proton program: {pp}in 1S0 state (Epp < 3 MeV) • • deuteron breakup: dp  {pp}sD0 (polarized) • • spin transfer in the process: np  pD0 • first measurement (at 2.3 GeV) ! • significant differences (D0 and n): • - relative sign of A´s interchanged • - A´s ~ 0 for low momentum transfer D0 n → dp {pp}s+X D0 n D. Mchedlishvili et al., arXiv:nucl-ex/1305.54

  17. NN scattering: np → pΔ0 channel dp  {pp}s+X Mchedlishvili et al., arXiv:nucl-ex/1305.54 Td = 1.6 GeV Direct mechanism: ∆ isobar direct production by the one pion exchange Td = 1.8 GeV Exchange mechanism: ∆ isobar excites inside the projectile deuteron Pion-nucleon are from different vertices I=1/2 and I=3/2 both are allowed Td = 2.27 GeV • Direct one-pion-exchange model for npp0 works fine for high Mx; • Search for other mechanisms that might dominate near N thresh.; Further theory work is needed !

  18. NN scattering: np → pΔ0 channel → dp→{pp}s∆0 high mass region: 1.19 < MX < 1.35 GeV/c2 COMPARE ! → dp→{pp}sn at Td = 1.2 GeV Differences: • Signs are flipped for all Td • Axx and Ayy are small at qt=0 Data will provide further impetus to the construction of more refined np→p∆0models ! • next step: pd{pp}sXmeasur. at higher proton energies

  19. Extension of ChPT to the NN→NNπ process Pion production: Physics case • A full data set of all observables in pp → {pp}s0 andnp → {pp}s- • Extract the relevant PW amplitudes and test the ChPT predictions • ( is in a p-wave, initial & final NN-pairs in S-wave, di-proton {pp}sin 1S0 state) • pp → {pp}s0 includes 3P0 → 1S0 s, 3P2 → 1S0 d and 3F2 → 1S0 d • np → {pp}s-adds3S1 →1S0 p and 3D1 →1S0 p • p-wave amp.s (MpS, MpD)give access to the 4Nπ contact operator, • controlled by the Low Energy Constant (LEC) d 3N scattering NN NN V. Baru et al., PRC 85, (2009) A. Filin et al., PLB 681, (2009) LEC d connects different low-energy reactions: pp→de+ν, pd→pd, γd→nnπ+ Final goal is to establish that the same LEC controls NN→NNπ !

  20. Pion production: π0 channel dσ/dΩ and Ay inpp→{pp}sπ0 Near threshold at Tp=353 MeV D. Tsirkov et al., PLB 712, 370 (2012) Ay is large due to s-d interference ! • ANKE ○ CELSIUS • well represented by retaining onlypions and d waves, no evidence for high PW’s; • assuming coupling between NN-channels and invoking Watson theorem allows to • estimate corresponding amplitudes with their phases:MsP, MdPandMdF

  21. Pion production: π− channel dσ/dΩ and Ay inpn→{pp}sπ- Tp=353 MeV S. Dymov et al., PLB 712, 375 (2012) --- best fit  global fit •ANKE ▲ TRIUMF H. Hahn et al., PRL 82 (1999) F. Duncan et al., PRL 80 (1998) • both observables are described in terms of s-, p-, and d- wave pion amplitudes; • an amplitude analysis of the combined data sets allowed to obtain:MsP, MdP, MdF, MpS, MpD

  22. Pion production: π− channel Ax,x and Ay,y in np→{pp}sπ- (Tp=353 MeV) All Observables in np→{pp}sπ- (ANKE data) Ay,y≡ 1 conservation laws 1 2 • Ax,zmeasurement in: • pp→{pp}sπ0 will test the PWA assumptions • pn→{pp}sπ- will choose between the solutions 3 S. Dymov et al, Acc. in PRC, arXiv:nucl-ex/1304.36 • Data will allow a robust PW decomposition for both channels and determine relevant pionp-wave production strength making contact with ChPT theory !

  23. ▲●○ pp → pK+Λ ■□ pp → pK+Σ0 without FSI (....) with Yp FSI () Strangeness: YN interaction p p  K+ Y N (mostly COSY data) T. Roźek et al., PLB 643, 251 (2006) • Importance of Final State Interaction of p system • Incoherent sum of 3S1 and 1S0 • FSI with unknown relative strengths • Spin dependence of FSI is unknown  leaves too much ambiguity in the theor. modeling • No direct measurements exist !

  24. Strangeness: Spin-singlet/tripletΛp interaction Separation of spin-singlet (as) and triplet (at) Λp production amplitudes and final state interactions through the measurement of: pp → K+(Λp) spin correlation CNN • Experimental information: • Some data on low energy (spin-averaged) Λp total elastic cross sections; • Binding energies of hypernuclei suggest spin singlet force asis more attractive than at ; • Λp FSI in K- d → π− (Λp) is sensitive to S-wave spin-triplet; • FSI of pp → K+(Λp) is unknown mixture of as and at ; • Precise (inclusive) measurements carried out at SATURNE and HIRES/COSY; • HIRES: global fit of all relevant data gave best fit with purely singlet (Λp) amplitude • Better to measure in a single experiment ! COSY proposal #219 (2013)

  25. Strangeness: Spin-singlet/tripletΛp interaction • Further information: • COSY-TOF has clearly shown dominance of N* prodiction in pp → K+(Λp): • suggests S-wave final state dominance; • In the near-threshold region there are two pp → K+(Λp) final S-wave production amplitudes: • Μ1 = [ W1,sηf p • εi + iW1,t p • (εi X εf)] f • i • The unpolarized cross section is proportional to: • I (pp → K+Λp) = ¼ (|W1,s|2 + 2 |W1,t|2) • The spin-correlation picks out purely the singlet: • I (pp → K+Λp) CNN(pp → K+Λp) = ¼ |W1,s|2 • The ratio of spin-triplet to spin-singlet production is fixed completely by spin-correlation: • [ 1 - CNN(pp → K+Λp) ] / 2•CNN =|W1,t|2 / |W1,s|2 • The first aim of exp.: what fraction of the production is associated with spin-singlet and triplet (Λp) ? • There will be a tremendous enhancement near Λp threshold due to very strong FSI ! S. Abd El-Samad et al., PLB 688, 142 (2010) G. Fäldt and C. Wilkin, EPJ A 24, 431 (2005) A.Gasparyan et al., PRC 69, 034006 (2004)

  26. Strangeness: Spin dependence of the p force • Each of the W1,tandW1,s will have • own FSI factor, depending on • spin-triplet/singlet scattering lenghts; • We want to measure CNN as a function • of the kaon momentum in the region of • Λpfinalstate interaction peak; • Simple π+ρ exchange model near threshold suggests that singlet production is 5 times stronger than tripletwill give globally CNN ≈ 0.84. • ANKE has considarable experience in detecting K+p correlations and able to measure such an observable ! • HIRES/COSY PLB 687, 31 (2010) …. phase-space  combined fit …. spin aver. par.  combined fit G. Fäldt and C. Wilkin, EPJ A 24, 431 (2005)

  27. Future measurements: ANKE experiments • Double polarization: • (i) pn  np (spin observables) • (ii) np  {pp}sp- (Axz parameter) • (iii) pp  K+Lp (CNN coefficient) • All experiments are approved and scheduled for 2013/14 !

  28. Summary • COSY- unique opportunities for hadron physics withpolarized hadronic probes (beam & target) – High precision + Spin • ANKE state-of-the art facility to investigate a broad and exciting field of physics • Physics:“NN interaction, ChPT, FSI ” – selected examples and further plans at ANKE • New opportunities to explore longitudinal polarization using Siberian Snake at COSY

  29. The END • Many thanks to the conference organizers !

  30. Spare slides

  31. Strangeness: K+K- pair production at ANKE pp → ppK+K- • Production of kaon pairs below the and above φ-threshold can be understood in terms of pp & Kp FSI • The shapes of Kp and Kpp invariant masses are strongly influenced by the K-p interaction ! RKp shows preference for low values of MKp • It has been suggested (CW) this may connected with the production of the L(1405) excited hyperon assuming the decay N* K+ L(1405) • The strength of the KN intercation important element in the iterpretation of possible kaon nuclear systems, such as deeply bound K-pp states. K+p K+pp K-p K-pp Y. Maeda et al., PRC 77, 015294 (2008) RKp RKpp C. Wilkin, Acta. Phys. Polon. Suppl. 2, 89 (2009) Q.I. Ye et al., PRC 87, 065303 (2013)

  32. Physics at COSY using longitudinally polarized beams: Snake Concept 180o • Should allow for flexible use at two locations • Fast ramping (< 30s) • Cryogen-free system ANKE-location PAX-location EDDA 180o

  33. ANKE Silicon Tracking Telescopes:

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