Session 11: Subject Analysis through Classification

1. Session 11: Subject Analysis through Classification • Dewey Decimal classification organization & principles • Library of Congress classification organization & principles

2. How Do Books Get Organized on the Shelf? That’s the job of classification numbers

3. Let’s Look at Dewey First This is going to be a little hard to do without the DDC books here. How many of you use Dewey? Are you familiar with the DDC schedules?

4. ThenLet’s

5. What you might find on some Dewey shelves  See any problems?

6. Plus the 000’s for generalities

7. Characteristics of Dewey • 4 v.: tables (1), schedules (2-3), index (4) • Note manual (1) & intro (1) • 10 classes = decimal basis • Hierarchical, from general to specific • Adding number segments adds meaning & specificity • Summaries & carets [ < ]in margins

8. Basic Premise of Dewey according to Arlene Taylor • No one class for any given subject • Primary arrangement is by discipline • Any specific topic may appear in any number of disciplines • Various aspects of such a topic are usually brought together in the relative index • Base classification number on discipline for which work was intended

9. Organization of the Index • Cross references • “T” numbers (tables) • Spacing of long numbers • Direction to different DDC numbers for different aspects of a topic • Some “built” numbers (which include bicycles & adopted children)

10. Dewey’s Index

11. Some DDC Class Numbers Pertaining to the Family • 173 Ethics of family relationships • 241.63 Christian family ethics • 296.4 Religious family rites, etc. • 304.666 Family planning • 306.8 Marriage and family • 362.82 Families with specific problems • 392.3 Dwelling places • 616.89156 Family psychotherapy • 796.0191 Sports for families • 929.2 Family histories

12. Classification Number Structure • Most: • Discipline (0-9)  subject subdivision  geographic &/time period  form of presentation (T1) 641.5/942/ • Literature and language: • Discipline  original language  form  period of composition • Generalities (dictionaries, encyclopedias, library science): • Form  language or place 641.5/942/05 851./1 038./81

13. Some Important Ways to Understand DDC • Read summaries throughout schedules, especially 800 & 810; T3 & T3A • Note references to Manual • Read scope notes • Concepts: base numbers, built numbers, period numbers, segmentation, footnotes

14. Some Definitions • Base number = number you add to, when directed by schedule or when adding from tables • Built number = number not directly available in schedule, but already “built” for you in the index • Period number = segment sometimes available to be added, indicating time period • Segmentation = logical break points to make a classification number shorter; indicated by “/” in OCLC & by “ ’ ” in CIP

15. Bicycles in DDC Index(Built Number)

16. Base Number Directions

17. Tables: General Info • T1 = standard subdivisions, -01-09 • Use for all classes • T2 = geographic table, -1-9 • Use when told to, or • Use after standard subdivision, -09 • T3 = literatures, 3A, B, C • Use with base number of asterisked class numbers, 810-890

18. Tables: General Info, cont’d • T4 = individual languages (analysis of) • Use with base number of asterisked class numbers, 420-490 • T5 = racial, ethnic, national aspects • Use when told to, or • Use after standard subdivision, -089 • T6 = languages (items in other langs.) • Use when told to

19. Table 1 382.41/0973/01

20. Some Oddities to Note • T1 “explanations” at various spots: • 501 [no note or explanation] • 510.1 [no note or explanation] • 658.001 [in summary + examples] • 025.001 [in note + summary] Terminal 0’s at main class (600) or division (680) act as space fillers unless otherwise noted

22. WebDewey, with Directions

23. Dewey Call Number Structure • [Location info] REF • *Classification number 026.5 • Author notation or cutter D56i + work mark maybe • Date 1988 • [Vol. no.] v. 3 • [Copy no.] c. 2 • * decimal point between 3rd & 4th digits • [ ] = optional components

24. Steps to Follow When Assigning Dewey Call Numbers • Use index for subject & possible built numbers • ALWAYS look up index number in schedules for further direction/ explanation • Use tables to add to number, if directed or desired

25. Some Don’ts • Don’t combine more than one standard subdivision (T1) unless specifically told to • Follow precedence tables when doing so • Don’t add standard subdivision, if redundant, e.g., adding -09+ to 973

26. Clues to Look for in MARC Bibs for DDC Currency • Fixed field “entered date” • Fixed field “desc”—rules applied • Always look for “a” [AACR2 + ISBD] • ISBD punctuation or not • 040—Who created record? • Usually prefer DLC [Library of Congress] • 082 or 092 $2—DDC edition used

28. Now that you know all about Dewey , we’ll look at LCC How many of you use Library of Congress classification? Are you familiar with the schedules?

29. A - General works B - Philosophy C - Auxiliary sciences of history D - History (general) E-F - History (Americas) G - Geography H - Social sciences J - Political science K - LawL - Education M - Music N - Visual arts P - Language and literature Q - Science R - Medicine S - Agriculture T - Technology U - Military science V - Naval science Z - Bibliography; library science

30. Library of Congress Classification • 21 classes in ~40 separate schedules • Each has own index--no cumulative • All classes except E-F have subclasses • Kept current with additions & changes, new schedules, reprint/cumulative/ revised editions • Main entry notation: LCC cutters

31. Many gaps for future expansion • Not consistently hierarchical • LC can add schedule cutters for specific subjects, for expansion

32. How LCC Might Appear

33. Read call numbers line by line • LBRead the first line in alphabetical order:A, B, BF, C, D... L, LA, LB, LC, M, ML... • 2395Read the second line as a whole number:1, 2, 3, 45, 100, 101.5, 1000, 2000, 2430... • .C65The third line is a combination of a letter and numbers. Read the letter alphabetically. Read the number as a decimal, e.g.:.C65 = .65 .C724 = .724

34. Some call numbers have more than one combination letter-number line • 1991The last line is the year the book was published. Read in chronological order:1985, 1991, 1992...

35. Here is a shelf of books with the call number order explained

36. For Majority of Subjects • Form, period, geographical, & topical subdivisions are indicated by different classification numbers in schedules, with few additional tables • Exceptions: Law (K), Social Sciences (H), Literature (P), Fine Arts (N) Other subjects may have small tables included near topic, with footnoted directions

37. Frequently Used Tables • Regions & countries in 1 alphabet • States & Canadian provinces • Author tables [P table schedule] • Form subdivisions [K schedule] • Biography table • Translation/edition table

38. Common Directions Directions for “By region or country, A-Z”, e.g., Witchcraft in Alabama BF1577 Witchcraft, by region or country, A-Z .A2 Alabama S5 main entry cutter 1961 publication date

39. Cutter breakdown in some schedules, e.g., HD9213, Salt industry: .A1A-Z Periodicals, societies, etc.; will have 2 cutters .A2A-Z General works; will have single cutter HD9213.A1 T3 1999 Periodical about Taiwan’s salt industry, with title beginning with T HD9213.J6 2000 Book about salt industry, by Jones

40. LCC Call Number Structure • [Location info] REF • Classification number HD8039 • Possible topical cutter .P3 • Main entry cutter [Ghastly] G63 • Date 1988 • [Vol. no.] v. 3 • [Copy no.] c. 2 [ ] = optional components

41. DDC vs. LCC • Biography • DDC: B, 920, 92, -092 • LCC: particular subset of most subject categories • Fiction • DDC: 823, Fic/SF/X, etc. • LCC: P

42. DDC vs. LCC • Bibliography • DDC: 016+ or -016 [016.796 or 796.016] • LCC: Z or subject category subset • History • DDC: 9+ • LCC: D, E-F, etc. • Geography • DDC: 91+ • LCC: D, E-F, etc. COMBINED with History

43. DDC vs. LCC • DDC = additional segments are tacked on to base number • LCC = tables used to locate desired number within range of numbers; appropriate number is arithmetically added to base number • DDC call numbers use various author notations • LCC call numbers use LC’s cutter chart

44. LC’s Cutter Chart

45. A Little More of it…

46. Call Numbers in MARC • DDC • 082 DDC assigned by LC • 1st indicator = no info or full or abridged DDC edition [blank, 0, 1] • 2nd indicator = assigned by LC or someone else [0, 4] • $a classification number • $b main entry cutter [rarely used for DDC] • $2 edition of DDC used, if 1st indicator is 0 or 1 • 092 DDC assigned by the rest of us • Same 1st indicator & subfields; no 2nd indicator

47. Call Numbers in MARC • LCC • 050 LCC assigned by LC • 1st indicator = exists in LC catalog • 2nd indicator = assigned by LC or someone else • $a classification number • $b main entry cutter & publication date • 090 LCC assigned by the rest of us • no indicators; same subfields • Local free-text call numbers • 099 Any call # type, with each part separated by $a, to format on separate lines in labels

49. Can we add classification to our “fake books”?