Section 3 Quiz

1. Section 3 Quiz What is a diet? Define an ethnic group. What is the Golden Bull? What Slavic country became orthodox Catholic? What ethnic group migrated from region to region in Ancient Europe because of religious persecution?

2. EQ: What are some differences between the Roman empire and the Byzantine Empire?

3. Roman Empire Splits • The Roman empire officially falls to the Ostrogoths in 476 A.D. • The East keeps Latin; West begins to speak Greek • Control of church different for each half; official head in Rome still • Church split into regions, called a diocese, or district of a church under a bishop • The east half becomes Roman Catholic; the west becomes Greek Orthodox Church • orthodox= traditional, or having to do with the Greek orthodox church

4. Justinian • His father was emperor • Dies and leaves him crown • Marries Theodora, a former actress • Together they rebuild Constantinople • Hagia Sophia, means holy wisdom • Orthodox Catholicism • head of church in Constantinople seated at the Hagia • Greek main language; Bible written in Greek

5. Justinian – Greatest Byzantine Emperor • Re-united the two halves of the roman empire • Except for Gaul, Hispania, and Great Britain Roman Empire Byzantine Empire

6. Justinian Code • Wanted to collect Roman laws into a clear system; unlike 12 Tables – weren’t categorized • Codified, or organized them into categories • Created: • Public Law, for government • Private Law, for individuals • Natural law – everyone no matter where follows these; ideas about marriage and how children should be raised • Civil law – each nation makes up their own; laws that the state makes; how much to pay in taxes • Law of nations – governs interaction between nations; laws about slavery and trade contracts

7. Differences Between Rome and Byzantium • Write down three differences between Rome and Byzantium – in 3 COMPLETE sentences. • Turn it in to me.

8. Iconoclasm – 700s – 800s Bible Commandment: (thou shalt not make graven images) (you shall not make cast idols) (you shall not You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. • Greek Orthodox starts arguing that NO icons, or pictures of Jesus or saints should be made • Why? Because they believed that is like making an idol • Icon=image • Went around smashing and destroying all images of Jesus

9. The Great Schism – 1054 A.D. East and West were already separated government -wise Rome had fallen into “Dark Ages” with the rest of Europe, and was isolated Had good relations until Roman Pope Leo IX claims supremacy Official split between Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches comes The Roman head claimed supremacy They excommunicated each other Leads to wars between empires

10. y • Byzantium fights Persia – 540 A.D. under Justinian • Byzantium fights Ottomans, a Muslim empire – 1453 A.D. • Leads to downsizing of the empire over the next 500 years

11. Genghis Khan – 1162-1227 A.D. United nomadic tribes of North East Asia Conquered most of Central Asia and southern part of modern day Russia Used siege tactics and feigned retreat as military strategy United silk road under one government Set up an authoritarian style of rule Yet he was tolerant of other religions Meritocracy – people in his government got jobs based on merit, not status or class

12. Orthodox Offshoots • Anyone who lives in the Balkans and Russia is considered a slav • Slavs spread Orthodox Catholicism to Western Europe

13. Russia – • Kiev – capital of Russia • Ivan III, (The Great) – most important figure in ancient Russian history - 1440-1505 *took power away from boyars, or land-owning nobles *refused to submit to Ottoman power • After Byzantium fell, the orthodox church sees the new head of the church in Russia • People living in the Balkans look to this new head for protection against the Muslims

15. What is the name of the structure in the picture to the right? What two people are credited with building the structure to the right? Compare Christianity under Justinian’s harsh rule with the way Romans treated Christians? (think about what Justinian did.) Describe the Great Schism. Explain the split between the eastern and western churches over icons. Name another difference between the east and the west. What was the official name of the church in the West ….in the east? The Byzantine Empire eventually fell to what new growing empire? What religion was this new empire? What Mongolian leader set up an autocratic rule in Russia, to the North of Byzantium? 11. Why was he a tolerant ruler despite his autocratic ways? 12. Explain why Justinian’s Code was different than the Roman 12 Tables. Friday Quiz 13. Which of the maps on the left represents the Byzantine Empire at its largest? A B

16. Byzantium Rap Example: Chorus: Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem. Verse: The east went Greek, the west kept Latin then the Ottomans came in with their cannons. Catholic - Orthodox, why’d they fight? Over icons and wafers, over who was right. Excommunications lead to wars and downsization. Chorus: Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem. Find a partner. You will have 10 minutes to come up with a 2-line rap on Byzantium using FACTUAL information from your notes and worksheets. You may do more if you choose, but it must AT LEAST be 2 rhyming lines. When the bell rings, you will come up with your partner and perform it to the hip hop beat. You will begin and end your rhyme with this chorus: “Byzantium, this is my anthem. Byzantium, this is my anthem.”

17. Review Game - Byzantium

18. Who is responsible for splitting the Roman Empire in half in a power sharing agreement?

19. Diocletian

20. What two people ruled Byzantium during its Golden Age?

21. Justinian and Theodora

22. Why is Theodora’s background less than spotless?

23. Because she was an actress, bear dancer, and likely even a prostitute

24. Why were Byzantine people rioting in the Hippodrome Nika Riots?

25. Because they were angry with Justinian’s harsh policies

26. What was Justinian’s first reaction, or instinct, when facing the riots?

27. He almost abdicated, or gave up

28. Who convinced him to stay?

29. Theodora

30. What is the hippodrome?

31. A super-bowl like events arena for chariot races and public debates

32. What was the reslt of the Nika Riots?

33. Justinian told the rioters to meet him at the Hippodrome for a debate, and he murdered them

34. What church did Theodora and Justinian build?

35. Hagia Sophia

36. How did Justinian change the Roman 12 Tables?

37. He codified them and categorized them differently, making them easier to understand.

38. What was so unique about this church?

39. The largest dome ever built up to that point in history

40. What is the church used as today?

41. A mosque

42. Byzantium was close to Russia and traded with them all throughout their history, but in what way did they influence Russia the most?

43. They influenced them through orthodox Christianity.

44. What is orthodox Christianity called in Russia?

45. Eastern Orthodox

46. When the old Rome fell, which ethnic group actually conquered the city of Rome?

47. Ostrogoths

48. What ethnic group ruled the area known as Gaul?

49. Frankish kingdoms

50. During the later years of the Byzantined Empire, what Mongolian leader conquered an area larger than Alexander the Great or even the Romans?