1 / 22

High-Speed Networking: Trends and Issues

Future. White House Astrologer. Joan Quigly. All I want you to tell me is what will be the networking technology in the year 2000. High-Speed Networking: Trends and Issues. Raj Jain The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/.

justin-jenkins
Download Presentation

High-Speed Networking: Trends and Issues

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Future White House Astrologer Joan Quigly All I want you to tell me is what will be the networking technology in the year 2000. High-Speed Networking: Trends and Issues Raj Jain The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/

  2. Networking Trends • Life Cycle of Technologies • Trends in Applications • Issues: Economy of scale, Performance Bottleneck Ref: R. Jain, FDDI Handbook: High-Speed Networking using Fiber and Other Media," Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA 01867, Phone: (800)822-6339, (617)944-3700X2391, Fax: (800)333-3328, (617)944-7273, Email: MaureenC@AW.Com, ISBN: 0-201-56376-4, April 1994. Overview

  3. Trend: Telecommunication and Networking • From computerization of telephone traffic switching to telephonization of computer traffic switching. • Communication more critical than computing Bus performance vs ALU speedI/O performance vs SPECMarks • User Location: • 1960: Computer room 1970: Terminal room • 1980: Desktop 1990: Mobile • System Extent: • 1980: 1 Node within 10 m • 1990: 100 nodes within 10 km

  4. Last 10 years: Individual computingNext 10 years: Cooperative computing • Past: Corporate networksFuture: • Intercorporate networks • National Info Infrastructures • International Info Infrastructures

  5. Life Cycles of Technologies Number of Problems Solved Time

  6. Life Cycles of Networking Technology Number of HostsBytes per Hosts Number of Networks MIPS Memory Size Storage You are here Time

  7. Trend: Exponential Growth 1,800,000 1,000,000 Number of Hosts on the Internet 200,000 0 Jul-81 Jul-88 Oct-85 Oct-89 Oct-91 Oct-92 Oct-93

  8. Networking in Social Fabric • USENET: Ten million news articles/month • 18 on-line coffee houses in San Francisco • National Public Radio Program • Supreme court decision within one day • Real estate, on-line catalog • 137 countries reachable via Email

  9. Routers Switches Hubs Trend: Standardization • Religion must be forgotten Improve on someone else’s ideas as naturally as yours • Can’t succeed alone Innovation + Technology partnerships • To impact: Participate in standardizationPublication is too late and insufficient • Vertical vs horizontal specialization Switch, router, host, applications

  10. Trends in Applications • Little Voice • AT&T: 125 to 130 M calls/day @ 5 min/call 64 kbps = 28.8 Gbps = 1/1000 of one fiber • 200 Million X 24 hr/day X 64 kbps = 12.8 Tbps • Survey of 1750 businesses: 75% Percent of Voice on Public Nets 56% 39% 1985 1990 1995 2010 • Ref: IEEE Spectrum, August 1992, p 19.

  11. Networking Failures vs Successes • 1980: Broadband (vs baseband) • 1981: PBX (vs Ethernet) • 1984: ISDN (vs Modems) • 1986: MAP/TOP (vs Ethernet) • 1988: OSI (vs TCP/IP) • 1991: DQDB • 1992: XTP (vs TCP)

  12. Requirements for Success • Low Cost • High Performance • Killer Applications • Timely completion • Manageability • Interoperability • Coexistence with legacy LANsExisting infrastructure is more important than new technology

  13. Challenge: Economy of Scale • Technology is far ahead of the applications.Invention is becoming the mother of necessity.We have high speed fibers, but not enough video traffic. • Low-cost is the primary motivator. Not necessity.  Buyer's market (Like $99 airline tickets to Bahamas.) Why? vs Why not? • Ten 100-MIPS computer are cheaper than one 1000-MIPS computer  Parallel computing, not supercomputing • Ethernet was and still is cheaper than 10 one-Mbps links. • No FDDI if it is 10 times as expensive as Ethernet.10/100 Ethernet adapters = $50 over 10 Mbps • Q: Given ATM or 100 Mbps Ethernet at the same cost, which network will you buy? A: Ethernet. Proven Technology.

  14. Challenge: Tariff • High-speed is important for LANsLow-cost is critical for WANs. • Phone company’s goal: How to keep the voice business and get into data too? • Customer’s goal: How to transmit the data cheaper? • Tariff Today: • 64 kbps voice line = $300/year • 45 Mbps line (coast to coast) = $180 k-240 k/year  155 Mbps line = $540 k - $720 k/year • Tomorrow: 155 Mbps = $1k/month+ $28/G cells $13k - $45k/year

  15. Challenge: Performance Video Coding, FTP Application Designers TCP/IP, UDP Protocol Architects/Implementers UNIX, DOS O/S Architects/Implementers Pentium, Alpha CPU, Memory, Disk Designers LAN Interface Designers Faster link Faster applications Need to consider trends of all layers Adapters Media Access (LAN) Architects FDDI, ATM Fibers, Lasers Optic Device Designers

  16. Summary • Networking is critical and growing exponentially. • Computer and Telecommunications industry merging • High-speed links iff economy of scale. • If users can’t see it, they will not pay for it. • Shared switching rather than shared media

  17. References All our papers are available on-line at: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/papers/ • Raj Jain, “ATM Networking: Issues and Challanges,” NetWorld+InterOp Engineering Conference, Las Vegas, April 1995. • K. Siu and R. Jain, "A Brief Overview of ATM: Protocol Layers, LAN Emulation, and Traffic Management," Computer Communications Review (ACM SIGCOMM), April 1995. • R.Jain, "Congestion Control and Traffic Management in ATM Networks: Recent Advances and A Survey", Invited submission to Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, February 1995.

  18. References (Cont) • Craig Partridge, Gigabit Networking, Addison-Wesley, 1993. • D. Clark and D. Tennenhouse, “Architectural Considerations for a New Generation of Protocols,” Proc. SIGCOMM-90, pp. 200-208, August 1990.. • IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on High-Speed Computer Network Interfaces, February 1993. • Craig Partridge, “Building Gigabit Network Interfaces,” ConneXions, 1993. • J. Smith and C. Traw, “Giving Applications Access to Gb/s Network,” IEEE Network, July 1993.

  19. Electro-optic Bottleneck • Bandwidth of fiber = 25 THz/window • Bandwidth of electronics = 1-10 Gbps • Switching bottleneck  Optical switching  All-optical networks • Switching bottleneck  Switches more expensive than media  Less switches and more links • Higher connectivity, less hops • Distributed media shared switching (like WANs) and not distributed switching shared media (like LANs)

  20. Switching vs Transmission Cost Switching Mechanical Switches Transmission Microwave & Multiplexing Electronic Switching Optical fiber Time

  21. Shared Media vs Shared Switches • Variable bandwidth/station • Cost  bandwidth • Incremental upgradability • Natural spatial reuse

  22. Thank You!

More Related