B3 90 questions

1. B3 90 questions What is diffusion? How is osmosis similar/different? What is active transport – give an example. Describe the direction of movement of water during osmosis in terms of concentration of the solution. Sports drinks contain water plus….? Why? Why must water/ions be replaced? How are substances moved from low to high concentrations? What is required? Give 4 features of the gaseous exchange surfaces of the lungs. And the small intestine. Why do larger organisms need gaseous/solute exchange systems? What is the diaphragm and why is it important? Describe the role of the ribcage and diaphragm muscles in ventilation. What can we do if someone cannot move their breathing muscles ? How do gases enter and leave leaves? How do roots and leaves maximise their surface area? Which 2 gases are lost from a leaf? What controls the size of the stomata? Describe the conditions in which stomata would be closed? What is the transpiration stream? What is the difference between phloem and xylem tissue? What is the function of the circulatory system? Name the 4 chambers of the heart. What is the role of the ventricles? Where does the heart pump blood to : L and R ? Which vessel carries blood to the heart? Which chamber does it first enter? Which is the chamber with the thickest muscle wall? Why? Which vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs? What are the heart valves for? Why do arteries need to be elastic? What is a stent? Why do capillaries have to be very thin-walled? Give the components of blood. What is carried in the plasma? Describe how red blood cells carry oxygen. What do platelets do? Give 3 things humans rely on ecosystems for. Why do we have to manage our effect on the environment? Why is more human waste being produced? Give 3 ways in which water can be polluted. Describe 2 effects of air pollution. Give 2 toxic chemicals which can pollute land. What is the effect of chemicals washing into waterways? Give 4 ways in which we reduce the land available for animals and plants. Give 2 reasons why deforestation happens. How does deforestation affect carbon dioxide levels? Explain fully. What is biodiversity? How is it affected by deforestation? How is deforestation linked to food production? Why does deforestation increase global warming? What is peat? Why is it related to global warming? Why are peat-free composts important? What are biofuels? Give an example? Give 2 types of biofuel. Give an example of a biogas. How is it made? Does the production of methane from plant products require oxygen? What is the advantage of a biogas generator for third-world family? How would the output be affected by the temperature? Explain. Why does it make sense to use land to grow vegetables for humans rather than for cattle? How can farmers increase their profits when farming animals such as pigs, chickens? Give 3 ways we can protect fish stocks. Why do we need to? What is mycoprotein? Name the fungus. What is its food source? Is the fungus aerobic or anaerobic? Why are all farms not organic? Why should we eat local/seasonal food? What are ‘food miles’? What is homeostasis? Name 3 substances which must be controlled in the body. Where is urea produced? Why? How is urea removed? How does water get into our bodies? What would happen if the water or ion content of the body was too high or too low? Which organ produces urine? Which organ stores urine? In the kidney how much of the sugar is reabsorbed? What is in urine? What should not be in healthy urine? If you were sweating heavily what would happen to your urine? How would you feel/what would you do? Why do we sweat? What controls body temperature? Name two parts of the body with temp receptors. Describe what happens to your capillaries in your skin when you are too hot. Explain. What happens when you are too cold? Explain. What else will your body do if you are too cold? Explain why this raises your temp. Which organ monitors your blood sugar level? Name the 2 hormones involved. Which hormone would be released if you ate a box of doughnuts? Where would the glucose go? What is glycogen? If you had low blood sugar which hormone would be released? What would it cause to happen? What is diabetes type 1? Give 3 ways you can help someone control diabetes. Explain why each one helps.