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Understanding Information Systems

Understanding Information Systems. Information System (IS). An IS is a combination of people, hardware, software, computer networks, and data that organizations use to manage daily and long-term operations. Computer-based Information Systems. Improved Speed.

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Understanding Information Systems

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  1. Understanding Information Systems

  2. Information System (IS) An IS is a combination of people, hardware, software, computer networks, and data that organizations use to manage daily and long-term operations.

  3. Computer-basedInformation Systems Improved Speed Computer-based information systems offer four key advantages over traditional (pre-computer) information systems: Efficiency Quality Measurability

  4. Information SystemsClassified by Function Distribution Management Executive Support Decision Support Management Information Factory Automation Office Information

  5. Information Systems Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Office Information Systems (OIS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Electronic Data Processing (EDP) Executive Support Systems (ESS)

  6. Factory Automation Systems Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Statistical Quality Control (SQC)

  7. Information SystemsConsiderations Upgrading or switching to a computer-based information system affects: Technical Staff Product Quality Information Technology Costs Profit Margins Clerical Staff

  8. Upgrading or Switching to aComputer-Based Information System Companies should realize that there will be disruptions.

  9. Research Once the impact of a new system has been studied and a decision to proceed has been made, a new system must be purchased “off the shelf,” or developed and brought into service.

  10. Subcontracting Means hiring a third party to handle a project.

  11. Systems House Sometimes known as a systems integrator, a systems house is a company that specializes in installing and supporting information systems.

  12. Factors in Choosing ANew Information System Open vs. Closed System User Interface Design Niche Information System System Support Turnkey Solutions

  13. Developing a NewInformation System Because of their large size, information systems require the creation of a project team.

  14. Project Manager Manager also functions as a systems analyst, responsible for completing the systems analysis and making design recommendations.

  15. CASE Tools • Project Analysis • Graphic Specifications • Program Code • Testing & Debugging • Maintenance • Reports • Flowcharts • Graphs • Models Software packages that automate the design and development of a project.

  16. Gantt Charts • Gantt charts are bar charts showing the stages of a project and the order in which they must be completed.

  17. System Development LifeDevelopment A Series of Steps A Completed Information System PLAN DESIGN IMPLEMENT SUPPORT RETURN to STAGE 1

  18. Development Plan The process is circular, meaning that once the last stage is reached the planners return to the beginning and repeat the process.

  19. Feasibility Study A feasibility study is conducted, investigating how difficult the project might be to complete and how much it might cost.

  20. RFP Request for Proposal (RFP) If management decides to hire a systems house, a request for proposal (RFP) will be sent to one or more possible suppliers.

  21. Functional Specification In most cases, the project team creates a functional specification, describing what the system must be able to do.

  22. Design Specifications Detail the hardware and software necessary to execute the functions. Operating System Data Model Authorized Users

  23. APrototype Is a miniprogram that demonstrates the user interface and functionality of the system.

  24. Development Coding, debugging programs and compiling programs.

  25. Beta Testing The system is rigorously tested before it is completely trusted to function as designed.

  26. User Training Normally takes place at the same time as beta testing.

  27. Emergency Patch During debugging, testing, user training, and implementation, the development team might be called on to create an emergency patch, or correction, to the system.

  28. Approval Yes!

  29. Support Stage A system goes into the support stage after it has been accepted and approved.

  30. A Support Contract A support contract normally allows users to contact the systems house for technical support, training, and sometimes on-site troubleshooting.

  31. Return to Stage One System development is a process of continuous improvement.

  32. On the Horizon • Business Intelligence • Sift through information warehouses to find the gold within. However, companies need help in making sense of the data, and this is a focus for information systems software vendors. • The Future Holds…Simplicity • Increasingly, customers demand simple, reliable interfaces for information systems as well as retail software. • Enterprise Integration Software • These products link a multitude of different programs so that information can be shared and sent back and forth more easily. A similar approach gaining popularity is outsourcing data storage and purchasing applications and Web site servicing.

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