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SMART SENSORS

SMART SENSORS. By Vimal Kumar Srivastava M.Tech., E.I. Roll No. : EC094018. INTRODUCTION:. smart sensor is defined as one that is capable of : providing a digital output; communicating through a bidirectional digital bus; being accessed through a specific address; and

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SMART SENSORS

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  1. SMART SENSORS By Vimal Kumar Srivastava M.Tech., E.I. Roll No. : EC094018

  2. INTRODUCTION: • smart sensor is defined as one that is capable of : • providing a digital output; • communicating through a bidirectional digital bus; • being accessed through a specific address; and • executing commands and logical functions. • In addition, it is also desirable for the smart sensor to perform such functions as • compensation of secondary parameters (e.g. temperature), • failure prevention and detection,

  3. INTRODUCTION (Cont…) • self-testing, • autocalibration and • various computationally intensive operations. • The development of such sensors will greatly enhance the capabilities of many control and instrumentation systems that are nowadays lacking in their interface with the external world.

  4. General Architecture of Smart Sensor:

  5. General Architecture of Smart Sensor (Cont…) • Important components : • Sensing element • Amplifier • Sample and hold • Analog multiplexer • Analog to digital converter (ADC) • Offset and temperature compensation • Digital to analog converter (DAC) • Memory • Serial communication and • processor

  6. General Architecture of Smart Sensor (Cont…) Three main circuit blocks are: • signal processing, • digital control and manipulation, • external communication and bus interaction. Signal Processing: • signal amplification, • Signal filtering and buffering • multiplexing

  7. General Architecture of Smart Sensor (Cont…) Digital control and manipulation: • analog-digital converter • calibration • self-testing • Diagnosis Communication and bus interaction: • Different buses and bus protocols • Communication interface and its complexity

  8. Evolution of solid-state sensors:

  9. Evolution of solid-state sensors (Cont…)

  10. Block diagram of a generic fifth-generation sensor

  11. IMPORTANCE & ADOPTION OF SMART SENSORS: REDUCE COST OF BULK CABLES & CONNECTORS: • Use of smart sensor has significantly reduced the cost of bulk cables and connectors needed to connect different blocks (i.e. electronic circuits). Remote Diagnostics • Due to the existence of the processor, it is possible to have a built in self-test (BIST). This is very helpful in production test of integrated circuits. • This diagnostic can be a set of rules based program running in the sensor.

  12. IMPORTANCE & ADOPTION OF SMART SENSORS (Cont…) BETTER SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: • The electrical output of most sensors is very weak and it is transmitted through long wires lot of noise get coupled. • So, by using smart sensor this problem is avoided . SYSTEM RELIABILITY: • One is due to the reduction in system wiring and second is the ability of the sensor to diagnose its own faults and their effect.

  13. ENHANCEMENT OF APPLICATIONS: Smart sensor also enhances the following applications: • Self calibration • Computation • Communication • Multisensing

  14. ENHANCEMENT OF APPLICATIONS (Cont…) Self calibration: • Self-calibration means adjusting some parameter of sensor, this can be either gain or offset or both. • These problems are solved by smart sensor as it has built in microprocessor that has the correction functions in its memory.

  15. ENHANCEMENT OF APPLICATIONS (Cont…) Computation: • Computation allows one to obtain the average, variance and standard deviation for the set of measurements. • Computational ability allows to compensate for the environmental changes such as temperature.

  16. ENHANCEMENT OF APPLICATIONS (Cont…) Communication: • This is very helpful as sensor can broadcast information about its own status and measurement uncertainty. Multisensing: • Some smart sensor has to measure more than one physical or chemical variable simultaneously. • A single smart sensor can measure pressure, temperature, humidity, gas flow etc.

  17. Application:

  18. SMART POSITION SENSOR:

  19. Magnet B0 B2 B4 B6 B1 B5 B3 B7 ASIC #1 VDD GND I/O HOW THE SMART POSITION SENSOR WORKS: B17 B8 B10 B18 B13 B15 B9 B14 B12 B16 ASIC #2 Analog Voltage or Digital “RS232-like” Counts Output Signal – Single Output Mode Position

  20. Smart Position Sensor Technology Comparison : • Normal Magnetoresistive Technology requires the use of several independent sensors and magnets. • But, this needs only a single unit & magnet to perform the same function. • Normal Magnetorestrictive Technology has “dead zones” at each end of its length that adds 145mm (5.7 in) to the overall length. • So, the units are large and cumbersome which limit the mounting flexibility.

  21. Smart Position Sensor Technology Comparison(Cont..) • LVDT Technology requires direct contact with the device being controlled. • They are generally linear and have limited application capabilities. • But, this product is a true non-contact position sensor. • It has wide variety of applications and configurations.

  22. Features: Reliable and Durable • Non-contact design reduces wear and tear. • Improves reliability • Improves durability • Minimizes downtime Easy to Install • Position device • Drill holes • Mount sensor • Locate magnet and connect three wires

  23. Features(Cont..) • So, simplifies installation • Reduces set-up costs Rugged • As there are no moving parts within the sensing element, it can be sealed. • Makes it more resistant to vibration, shock and extreme temperatures.

  24. Features(Cont..) Adaptable • Electronics on board. • Allows for flexible packaging and component compatibility with existing systems. Lightweight • More than 50% lighter in weight than LVDT technology. Accurate Cost Effective Flexible

  25. Material Handling Applications: Valve Position

  26. Aircraft Actuators Applications(cont) Material Handling

  27. Conclusions : • It is believed that smart sensors will be needed in future closed-loop instrumentation and that control systems will be required in many application areas, including automotive, health care, industrial processing and consumer electronics. • still a lot of research is required to get benefits of the smart sensor, but from the experience of already existing devices, we can expect that in the coming decade a large number of successful smart sensors will emerge.

  28. Conclusions : well, all we can say is “the smart sensor just continues to get smarter!” THANK YOU…

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