UNIT 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Revision Booklet

1. UNIT 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Revision Booklet Exam Date: Time: Name: ________________________________

2. A. TECTONIC LANDSCAPES

3. DESTRUCTIVE COLLISION Nazca S American Eurasian Indo-Aust. (Andes Mts.) (Himalaya Mts.) CONSTRUCTIVE CONSERVATIVE N American Eurasian (San Andreas Fault.) Pacific N American (Mid-Atlantic Ridge.)

4. Why Live In Areas Of Earthquake And Volcanic Activity? Explain why people still live in areas of earthquake activity. (6) Explain why people still live in areas of volcanic activity. (6)

5. Case Study: HAITI EARTHQUAKE Haiti is situated to the north of the Caribbean Plate, on a conservative plate boundary with the North American Plate. The North American plate is moving west. This movement is not smooth and there is friction between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate. Pressure builds between the two plates until it is released as an earthquake. The earthquake was caused by a slip along an existing fault in this area (Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault). June 2010 Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain the effects of the volcanic eruption or earthquake on the people and the environment. (6) Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain its causes. (6)

6. Prediction And Prevention Of The Effects Of Earthquakes And Volcanoes EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES Explain how the effects of volcanic eruptions can be reduced through planning before the event. Use examples in your answer. (6) Explain how the effects of earthquakes can be reduced through planning before the event. Use examples in your answer. (6)

7. B. A WASTEFUL WORLD

8. Why Do HICs And LICs Produce Different Types / Amounts Of Waste?

9. How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale CAMDEN (North London) 2004 – council collecting 85,000 tonnes household waste per year. 2006 – council developed waste strategy. Targets: 1. Increase household recycling participation to 60% 2. Increase amount of recycling collected from housing estates by 10% 3. Trial a kitchen waste scheme. 4. Recycle 70% of rubbish brought to Regis Road Centre. White Goods Collection RECYCLED Cooker Collected free of charge (arrange collection time) 2x collections per week of non-recyclable waste. Dishwasher Doorstep Recycling Collection once per week OR Washing Machine Take to Regis Road yourself Paper Plastic Bottles Regis Road recycling rates: 2004 – 58% 2008 – 70% Cardboard Glass Aluminium Cans REGIS ROAD Recycling & Reuse Centre Recycling On The Go! Mini recycling centres by the roadside. Recycling bins in 3 parks. Open daily 8am – 3.45pm Paper, Cardboard, Glass, Plastic Bottles, Aluminium Cans, Hard Plastics, Rubble, Paper Food Cartons, Oil, Batteries, Light Bulbs, Metals, Electricals Separate waste before arrival. Anything put in ‘household waste’ incinerated. Hazardous Waste Collection (arrange collection time) Kitchen Waste Scheme Trialled August 2008 (now rolled out). Kitchen caddy (23 litre – 240 litre bin) kept outside. Emptied weekly. All cooked and raw foods (meat, fish, pasta, rice, vegetables, fruit, cheese, teabags). Doorstep Reusable Furniture Collection (arrange collection time) Estate Recycling Collection once per week Choose a local area you have studied. Explain how it recycles its waste. (6) Bins for glass, paper etc. For housing estates. Can request bins for estate.

10. How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale CAMDEN (North London) Choose a local area you have studied. Explain how it recycles its waste. (6)

11. The Ways In Which HICs Dispose Of Different Types Of Waste GERMANY Choose a HIC you have studied. Explain how it disposes of different types of waste. (6)

12. RENEWABLE Fuels NON-RENEWABLE Fuels

13. How Energy is Wasted On A Domestic Scale Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Domestic Scale

14. Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Local Scale EASTCROFT, NOTTINGHAM Choose a local area you have studied. Explain its solutions to energy wastage. (6)

15. Carbon Footprints Solutions To Energy Wastage At NATIONAL scale: UK Choose a country you have studied. Explain its solutions to energy wastage on a national scale. (6)

16. Describing a map...... Describing a graph...... 1. State the obvious! (One sentence – give the general trend/pattern). E.g. Increasing/Decreasing, Positive/Negative Correlation etc. 2. Pick out detail from the graph – use adjectives/adverbs. E.g. Increasing quickly, Gradually decreasing etc. 3. Quote figures/data from the graph – use numbers/dates. 4. Name any anomalies or anything that stands out on graph). E.g. Highest/lowest values, sudden decreases/increases etc.. * Refer to ALL information given on the graph (years, place names, numbers, percentages , and...don’t forget the units! 1. State the obvious! (One sentence – give the general trend/pattern). E.g. Even/Uneven, Clustered/Linear, Dense/Sparse etc. 2. Give an example/examples to support 1. (Name places/features from the map). 3. Describe any anomalies (something that doesn’t fit the pattern). E.g. All/None, Highest/Lowest etc. * Refer to ALL information given on the map (place names, numbers, compass directions etc.). Repeat as often as necessary Describing a photograph...... Answering GCSE Questions...... 1. Read the question carefully – in full. 2. Underline all command words and instructions E.g. Describe / Explain / Outline / Compare / Use examples / Use data 3. Look at how many marks the question is worth (see next page) 4. Answer the question (don’t include information that isn’t asked for – it won’t earn you any marks and will waste your time and space on the paper). This is an easy one! There’s only one thing to remember if given a photograph...... 1. Pick out features/activities that you can SEE in the photograph and refer to them specifically in your answer. I.e. Don’t describe things that you can’t see in the photograph just because you think it should be there.

17. 1 Mark 2 Marks 3 Marks L1 L1 L1 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 Marks 6 Marks L1 2 Marks 1 L1 1-2 1x Generic Description 2x Generic Descriptions BASIC 1 2 L1 1-2 L2 1 2 2 L2 3-4 1x Generic Explanation AND 1x Specific point CLEAR 3x Specific Points OR 1x Specific Point + Explanation Of It 3 4 L2 3-4 3 4 4 Marks More Than 3x Specific Points Every Point Clearly Explained 3x Specific Points Every Point Clearly Explained EXPLICIT L3 5-6 L1 5 6 Answering Exam Questions...... 1 2 3 4