Experimental Testing of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Systems – Year 4

1. Experimental Testing of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Systems – Year 4 The Pathways Project San Jose State University Equip Site: nees@berkeley

2. Project Management Team • Kurt McMullin – Structural Engineering • San Jose State University • Bozidar Stojadinovic – Structural Engineering • U.C. Berkeley • Winncy Du – Mechanical Engineering • San Jose State University • Thuy Le – Electrical Engineering • San Jose State University • Kathi Rai – Building Engineering • SensiBuild

3. Drift Sensitive Systems of Buildings • Exterior façade. • Precast concrete cladding. • Glass punch-out windows. • Vertical plumbing riser. • Inflow riser. • Outflow riser. • Defined in FEMA-356 as nonstructural elements controlled by drift rather than acceleration.

4. Project Overview • Static testing of one-story prototype of cladding, punch-out windows and plumbing. • Sensor testing of plumbing leakage. • Deconstruction of materials. • Data-mining and pre-processing for structural analysis.

5. Timeline • Project runs from Oct 2006 to Sept 2011. • Main testing scheduled for Fall/Winter 2010. • Current phase: • Construction of specimen • Finalize instrumentation design • Fabrication of testing jig

6. Column Covers • Spanning vertically between spandrels are the column covers.

7. Column Covers

8. Punch Out Windows • Completing the exterior enclosure are the windows, installed in the opening between panels.

9. Test Specimen • One-story, One-bay articulated frame allows for no resistance from gravity/lateral load carrying system. • Specimen Design • Ground Floor – Tall panels that cover first floor of building • Typical Floor – Short panels that cover all floors above first floor.

10. Test Specimen • Specimen Features • Engineering – panels and connections – to obtain strength and deformation data • Architecture – panels, connections, windows, grouting – to obtain aesthetic damage data and system interaction data.

11. Test Specimen • Loading Protocols • Proto1 – Cyclic loading with increasing amplitude of drift – 10% max. • Proto2 – Displacement time history from 9-story LA SAC frame.

12. Test Matrix – Ground Floor • Test 1 • Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 2 • Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 3 • Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

13. Test Matrix – Typical Floor • Test 4 • Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 5 • Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 6 • Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

14. Panel Construction • Panel formwork. • Flat panel and return panel.

15. Panel Construction • Panel formwork. • Flat panel and return panel.

16. Panel Pin Connection • Pin connection at base of flat panel. • Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

17. Panel Pin Connection • Pin connection at base of flat panel. • Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

18. Casting Concrete • Casting of flat panels in early September 2010. • 5000 psi concrete. Photo taken by Bob Steed

19. Casting Concrete • Casting of flat panels in early September 2010. • 5000 psi concrete. Photo taken by Bob Steed

20. Finished Panels • Finished panels at fabrication yard. • Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA. Photo taken by Bob Steed

21. Finished Panels • Finished panels at fabrication yard. • Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA. Photo taken by Bob Steed

23. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face

24. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Full-Width Flat Panel

25. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Half-Width Flat Panel

26. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Return Panel

28. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face

29. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face Slotted Connections

30. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face Pin Connections

31. Typical Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face

32. Typical Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face

34. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face

35. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Loading Beam

36. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Actuator on each side of loading beam

37. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Reaction Wall

38. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Out-of-Plane Bracing

39. Seismic Resistance • Seismic joint at return panels. • Approximate width of 2 inches.

40. Expected Progression of Damage • Closing of slip connection. • Spandrel above moves with upper level slab.

41. Expected Progression of Damage • Closing of seismic gap. • Return panels tilt with out-of-plane frame. • Pounding between adjoining column covers.

42. Expected Progression of Damage • Fracture of pin connection. • Overturning of column cover results in fracture of pin at base.

43. Expected Progression of Damage • Crushing of window glass. • Tipping of column covers results in racking of glass panels.

44. Expected Progression of Damage • Failure of push-pull connections and instability of out-of-plane panel.

45. Developing Fragility Curves • Defining types of damage: i.e., window cracking, panel connection fracture. • Record drift when damage is first seen for each item of each test. • Plot probability that an event was seen by a certain level of drift.

47. Limitations of Fragility Data • Limited sample size of test specimens. • Some events will not occur to each component before maximum drift of test is applied. • Mixture of tall panels & short panels, flat panels & return panels, large windows & small windows.

48. Plans for Year 5 • Testing and data processing for main specimens. • Deconstruction and adaptive reuse of panels. • Verification of sensor technology. • Dissemination of findings. • Data transfer to repository.

49. For More Information • We are constantly looking for collaboration on all aspects of the project. • Project Sponsored by National Science Foundation – Grant No. 619517. • Project website at: • http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/~pathway/ • Email me at: • kurt.mcmullin@sjsu.edu