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NTTS Satellite Event on multi-indicator Systems and partially ordered sets

NTTS Satellite Event on multi-indicator Systems and partially ordered sets.

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NTTS Satellite Event on multi-indicator Systems and partially ordered sets

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  1. NTTS Satellite Event on multi-indicator Systems and partially ordered sets Multidimensional well-being and deprivation how to aggregate and how to synthesize complex socioeconomic phenomena? A comparison of CFA, AF and POSET approachesChristian Suter, Katia Iglesias, Tugce BeycanUniversity of Neuchâtel, Switzerland Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  2. Framework • Develop new synthetic measures of well-being (WB) • For the Swiss Social Report • To monitor long-term social changes and WB Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  3. Framework • Swiss Social Report • Started in 2000’s • Edited every four years • Broad coverage of the various life domains • Based on 5 domains: 1) Production and consumption of social goods, 2) Cultural diversity, 3) Social integration and social cohesion, 4) Political participation and integration and 5) Environment and ecological sustainability Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  4. Framework • Domain 1: Production and consumption of social goods • A multidimensional concept of WB: 4 dimensions • Educational and occupational positioning • Employment situation • Financial situation • Work-life balance Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  5. Data • SwissHousehold Panel (SHP) • Longitudinal survey of households and people living in Switzerland. • Conducted on a yearly basis since 1999 • Sub-sample: • Active household members • Aged between 18 and 65 years • Year 2013 Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  6. data • SwissHousehold Panel (SHP) • Dim 1: Conciliation professional/private life • Interference work/private activities • Exhausted after work • Difficult to disconnect from work • Dim 2: Financial situation of household (HH) • Satisfaction with financial situation • Financial situation manageable • Assessment of income and expenses • Arrears of payments Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  7. data • SwissHousehold Panel (SHP) • Dim 3: Employment situation • Job security • Risk of unemployment • Satisfaction with working conditions • Dim 4: Educational and occupational position • Highest level of education achieved • Swiss socio-professional category of main job (CSP) Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  8. Methodologies • Ordinal data • In a top-down approach • Compare methods to synthesize information • Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) • Alkire & Foster counting approach (AF) • Posetic approach (POSET) Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  9. Methodologies • CFA: Test the adequacy data-theoretical framework Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  10. Methodologies • AF: Compute the number of deprived people in society from multidimensional perspective • Dual cut-off • Determine ‘deprived or not-deprived’ within each dimension • Identify ‘deprived’ across dimensions • 2 scores possible: • Deprived • Not deprived • Difficult to disconnect from work • 0, 1-4, 6-10 • Assessment of income and expenses • save money, use whattheyearn, eat in itsassess and savings or getintodebts • Job security • secure, almostsecure, quiteinsecure, insecure Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  11. Methodologies 333 • POSET: based on the dual cutoff of AF • No aggregation • Each single profile = combination of WB scores • Difficult to disconnect from work 3: 0 2: 1-4 1: 6-10 • Assessment of income and expenses 3: save money 2: use whattheyearn 1: eat in itsassess and savings or getintodebts • Job security 3: secure or almostsecure 2: quiteinsecure 1: insecure 233 323 332 133 223 232 313 331 322 213 123 132 222 312 231 321 113 122 131 311 212 221 112 121 211 111 Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  12. Methodologies 333 • POSET: based on the dual cutoff of AF • No aggregation • Each single profile = combination of WB scores • Relationship between two objects • Can be ordered 333/233/133/123… • Incomparable objects 123 and 332 • Score of degree of deprivation ranges between 0 and 1 233 323 332 133 223 232 313 331 322 213 123 132 222 312 231 321 113 122 131 311 212 221 112 121 211 111 Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  13. Models Tested • AF: same first cutoff • 12 items: • 4/12 (model 0, 4/12) • 6/12 (model 0, 6/12) • 4 items: 2/4 • Model 1: 1) Interference work/private activities, 2) Job security, 3) Assessment of income and expenses, 4) Educational level • Model 2: 1) Difficult to disconnect from work, 2) Risk of unemployment, 3) Satisfaction with financial situation, and 4) Occupational level Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  14. Models Tested • POSET: same first cutoff • 4 items: 2/4 • Model 1: 1) Interference work/private activities, 2) Job security, 3) Assessment of income and expenses, and 4) Educational level • Model 2: 1) Difficult to disconnect from work, 2) Risk of unemployment, 3) Satisfaction with financial situation, and 4) Occupational level Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  15. Results: CFA Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  16. Results: AF • % of deprived persons depends on the cutoff (6/12 or 4/12) and on the number of variables (4 or 12) included in the model Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  17. Results: AF • Same theoretical framework, same pool of variables, same first cutoff, but: • Different models do not identify the same people as deprived • 25% deprived in model 0 6/12 model and not deprived in the model 1 • 61% deprived in model model 1 are not identified as deprived by the model 0, 6/12 • 53% deprived in model 1 are not deprived in model 2 • 68% deprived in model 2 are not identified as deprived in model 1 Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  18. Results: POSET • 1 96.0% less than 0.125; 2 with 90.4% less than 0.125 • as noted for the AF models, they do not identify the same people as deprived Iglesias et al., University of Neuchâtel WB: How to aggregate? 12.07.2016

  19. Results: CFA-AF (model 1) Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  20. Results: CFA-POSET • As expected, we found a high association between the different CFA and POSET deprivation degree • Correlation between |0,33| and |0,58| • The size of the correlation depends on • Correlation between the variables of the model and the latent factor Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  21. Results: AF-POSET • POSET identifies the deprived units based on the dual cutoff of AF • Expect AF and POSET to identify the same deprived persons (score=1) and that all non-deprived persons with POSET (score=0) will also be non-deprived with AF • Confirmed except for one POSET profile (2/1/2/2) identified as deprived, despite the fact that it does not include multidimensional deprivation • Comparing model 1 to model 2, as within AF and within POSET • Do not identify the same people as deprived Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  22. Discussion • Based on the same theoretical framework and same pool of variables: • The different synthetic indicators correlate within and between methodologies • But the individuals identified as multidimensionally deprived differ within and between methodologies • It is not only a matter of difference du to methodology used, but more a question of • Implicit weights: Item selection • And number of item used Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  23. Conclusion • CFA: • To test the consistency of the data and the theoretical framework • Not a single synthetic measure • AF • Simple and immediately understandable • High communicative power regarding dissemination • Not adapted for prevention • POSET • Based on the AF dual cutoff, but not easily communicable • Useful for prevention: identify the social groups which are at risk of multidimensional deprivation, i.e., those who are not (yet) deprived but may eventually become deprived Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  24. Suggestion: combine the approaches 3 steps: • CFA to test the consistency of the data and the theoretical framework • AF by dimension: count the number of item by dimensions are deprived • Depending on the user of the synthetic measure: • Non academic public: AF on the number of deprivation by dimension • Prevention: POSET on the number of deprivation by dimension Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

  25. Thank YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Christian Suter MultidimensionalWell-Being and Deprivation: How to aggregate and how to synthesize? 17.03.2017

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