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Building Climate Smart Farmers “Efficient use of water through ZERO TILL on Rice Fields”

This case study highlights the successful implementation of the ZERO TILL technique in rice cultivation, promoting efficient water use and sustainable farming practices. The study area in Roha, Maharashtra, faced challenges such as labor-intensive traditional methods and depleting water levels. With support from Excel Industries Ltd and VRTI, the adoption of ZERO TILL technique increased, resulting in higher yields and conservation of soil and water resources.

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Building Climate Smart Farmers “Efficient use of water through ZERO TILL on Rice Fields”

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  1. Building Climate Smart Farmers “Efficient use of water through ZERO TILL on Rice Fields” CASE STUDY FROM INDIA ROHA-DIST. RAIGAD-MAHARASHTRA. WORK OF VIVEKANANDA RESEARCH & TRAINING INSTITUTE (VRTI, Non Profit NGO) SPONSORED BY EXCEL INDUSTRIES LTD AS CSR PROJECT. PRESENTED BY : RAJKUMAR KORDE. AT BONN IN COP-23 08/11/2017 National Council for Climate ChangeSustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)- India

  2. PREFACE : INDIA : Maharashtra State : Dist. Raigad INDIA : 2nd largest producer of Rice. About 70% of this is produced by irrigation, needing large amounts of water. The Study area, Roha Tehsil, is a Rainfed region. Largely marginal farmers, having average land holding about One Hectare. Crops: Rice, pulses, millets, Once known as RICE BOWL, Rice cultivation becoming economically non viable. Costly labour, reducing yields , depleting water levels-shadow on Agriculture Sustainability. Excel Industries Ltd, supported in promoting this Technique-ZERO TILL, in 10 rice producing districts of Mahatashtra, under “Public-Private-Partnership for Intensification of Agriculture Development”, with State Government, through VRTI, NGO. In 2015. Subsequently VRTI, Campaigned for Adaptation by farmers of Roha, of this beneficial technique. No of farmers adapting has reached to 183, from 27 in 2015 & 55 in 2016. The total area of cultivation has reached to 74 Hectare from 7.4 hectare. A SLOW BUT DEFINITE ‘CHANGE PROCESS’. VRTI Team served as advisor, guide, and facilitator.

  3. HYDRO-GEOLOGY: • The ground strata mainly made of basalt. Compact , • Amygdaloidal & • Vesicular Rainfall ~ 3000 mm; June to September. About 45% rainfall received in July. The high, steep hilly ranges, isolated hillocks, undulation etc give rise to high Run Off rather than Natural Recharge.Depleting Ground water levels is Concern. Rice is predominant crop in Kharip, with millets like ragi, Rabi crops , pulses, are taken on the retained moisture in the soil. The area under study does not have irrigation facilities. Water of Bore well, dug well is used by some farmers to grow vegetables.

  4. TRADITIONAL METHOD : Issues : Farmers’ Perspective Tilling 6-7 days/H Nursery by broadcasting seeds, 60-70 kg/H Bio mass, cow dung burning for Nursery on a smaller plot Lot of drudgery, Labour intensive, High dependency on monsoon, Rising labour cost, Low yields, Soil becoming infertile, loosing water holding capacity, decreasing Rabi, pulses, field. Digging out seedlings Transplantation, 10 labours for 3 days /H work in knee high submerged in muddy water

  5. Traditional Method: Environment issues Tilling Bio mass, cow dung burning Transplanting Burning of biomass/Tilling/ploughing exerts adverse impact onsoil biota . Loss of Top Fertile SOIL . Flooding of rice fields till Harvesting time, creates anaerobic condition , generates Methane. Requires Huge amount of water for irrigation Flooding

  6. “ZERO TILL” : Adaptation of new Conservation AgricultureTechnique : Salient Features. Technique “ SRT” Evolved by Mr. Chandrashekhar Bhadsawale at SagunaBaug, Neral, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra.

  7. SRT: STEPS: Activities-May-June Dibbling tool, Wt: 10 kg. 100*75*45 cm punches 20 holes at one stroke 100 c.m. 136 c.m. Preparing Raised beds. Sowing 3/4 seeds/hole. 15-20 kg/h All activities being done within the family. Dibbling- 20 holes /stroke.

  8. SRT: STEPS: Activities-JUNE-JULY Important Activities in June-July Glyphosate spray to kepp bunds clear of weeds Spraying pre-emergent weedicide after seeding & first shower ensuring the beds are wet Control crab using Glyricidia leaves to protect young seedlings Young seedlings get washed away or get decayed. Gaps filled using surplus seedlings from the beds Flooding to be avoided

  9. COMPARISON OF GROWTH PATTERN 30 Days Ht 15-16” 30 Days Ht 15-18” The New Technique :SRT Traditional 60 Days Ht 20-25” 60 Days Ht 30-35” SRT : 45”- 50” Tradit: 30”- 40”

  10. Comparison : Stems, leaves, panicle. SRT • Traditional Circumference of single shoot Traditional 3 to 4 cm SRT 4 to 5 cm 56 day: Nos. 12-15 56 day: Nos. 20-25 SRT panicle Age: 103 day, 12cm Leaf width: 1 c.m. Leaf width: 2 c.m. Traditional Panicle Age: 103 day, 09cm

  11. Comparison : Root System Length in inches SRT 10 to 12 Traditional 4 to 7 Traditional 4 to 7 SRT 10 to 12

  12. Conservation of soil Biota, soil eco-system : Earthworm colonies found in SRT fields, never in traditional fields.

  13. CONSERVATION OF SOIL : Prevention of Soil Erosion Muddy water from Traditional rice field Clear Water from SRT rice field

  14. PravinMhatre: in farming since last 29 yrs, now taking 5th crop, Rice, using SRT, on the same raised Beds. 1st Crop : November 2015 Green chilly/ Chicken pea as an intercrop. irrigation, got 600 kg chilly & 70 kg chicken pea, 2nd Crop In 2016, kharip: RICE – Increased SRT area to 1.0 H. from 0.1 H.Output: 4.5 MT /H (SRT) paddy, 29% more than the traditional. 3rd Crop : Winter, Field Beans and Black eyed peas. 4th Crop : Vegetable and Ground nut with irrigation Sunil Sawant: Since last 15 years in active farming. Rearing buffalos for milk business. Adopted ZERO TILL technique in 2016, in 0.4 H of rice field. 1st : Rice. Soft , spongy, moist beds encouraged him to go for 2nd crop, pulses. 2nd : Winter :Field beans, Cow pea; 3rd : vegetables, used bore well water for irrigation. Increased area to one Hectare. 4th Crop, rice, in succession on same Beds.

  15. Shalini More: Farming since last 23 yrs, with her husband who also works part time . 3 Daughters to nurture. Holds 0.20 H of agri. land. Both also work on others’ farm as labour to earn their livelihood. Takes 2 Crops annually. Rice followed by Field beans and Cow pea. • Adapted new technique in 2016. Now 3rd crop, RICE, on same Beds. • She had found over the years, in traditional, the land is becoming more and more infertile, needing Increased quantity of fertilizers, while in SRT requirement is less. Soil softened, formation of earth worm colonies, increased yield. • Ease of ‘working’. She finds SRT WOMEN friendly, as all the drudgery activities are eliminated, and hence confident that she can now do farming on her own, alone.

  16. Comparison of cultivation (input cost ) for 1 Hectare SRT & Traditional

  17. BENEFITS AS PERCIEVED BY FARMERS : No soil erosion. In traditional paddy fields gushing water erodes top loosened soil and carries away. In SRT water flows through the furrows slowly. NO LOSS OF SOIL. Conservation of Soil : All the farmers including the first timers found colonies of EARTHWORMS, a welcome sign of sustained SOIL ECOSYSTEM, HUMIFICATION PROCESS. Conservation of Soil Eco-system : Farmers in 2nd year of SRT ( 3rd/4th CROP), found that the soil SOFT. NO COMPACTION/HARDENING. The beds were wet enough to sustain the pulses crop through out the cropping period. Increased water retention. Conservation of WATER . Big , deep CRACKS get developed in all the rice fields in summer. However NO CRACKS were found in SRT fields. • 80% Reduction in seed consumption. Profuse vegetative growth. Excellent weed control by use of selective and general weedicides. . 20-25% rise in output. Assured second crop-pulses on improved moisture content, Economically viable, sustainable. • Schedule of Tillage and transplantation depends on Monsoon and the labour availability at that time. SRT has not only eliminated the drudgery , waiting time, expenses but also the agony of farmers.: HAPPINESS.

  18. WatSave Award by International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage (54 countries). Earth Care Award by JSW & Times Of India given in SAARC countries. ChandrashekharBhadsavle, Agriculture Graduate from Agri University, KBSKKV, Ratnagiri, India and MS in Food Technology, University of California, Davis(1972). Since 1976 has been a successful farmer in India. He has received various awards for his work on developing technique for sustainable , conservation agriculture.

  19. ZERO TILL-ZERO DRUDGERY NO PUDDLING-NO METHANE-NO MORE LOSS OF TOP FERTILE SOIL EARTHWORMS’ COLONIES. SIGN OF CONSERVATION OF SOIL ECOSYSTEM WOMEN VERY HAPPY. HAPPY FARMER . National Council for Climate ChangeSustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)- India . THANKS

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