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Membrane Applications in Water Treatment

Sampling of Applications. Desalting seawaterHolding back seawater intrusionTreating brackish groundwaterWater softeningWaste water recoveryRemoving color, odor, and other organic contaminants . Basics of Membrane Technology. What's a membrane?How does it work?What can it do?How much does it

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Membrane Applications in Water Treatment

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    1. Membrane Applications in Water Treatment Michelle Chapman Wilbert Water Treatment Engineering & Research Group U.S. Bureau of Reclamation May 20 1999 Denver, Colorado

    2. Sampling of Applications Desalting seawater Holding back seawater intrusion Treating brackish groundwater Water softening Waste water recovery Removing color, odor, and other organic contaminants

    3. Basics of Membrane Technology What’s a membrane? How does it work? What can it do? How much does it cost?

    4. A membrane is a film. A semi-permeable membrane is a VERY THIN film that allows some types of matter to pass through while leaving others behind.

    5. Membrane Types

    6. Filtration Mode terms -

    7. Membrane Configurations

    8. More Membrane Configurations

    9. Sieving, Diffusion & Pore Flow

    10. Reverse Osmosis - a Natural Process

    11. Process Configuration - General

    12. One Stage - Elements in Parallel

    13. Two Staged System - 2:1 array

    14. Reverse Osmosis Spiral wound or hollow fine fiber Pretreatment is critical to success NTU <1, SDI<3 Operating pressures from 150 - 1000 psi Removes >95-99% TDS Concentrate Stream is 15-25% of flow with 4 to 6 times the TDS.

    15. Nanofiltration Cross flow or transverse flow Any membrane configuration Need turbidity <1 NTU, SDI <5 Operating pressure 50 - 200 psi Used for softening or special applications

    16. McAllen, TX Waste Water Recovery (6 g/min)

    17. 0.1 MGD RO Package System

    18. Yuma Desalting Plant (100 MGD)

    19. Electrodialysis Uses electrical power to draw ions from product water to the concentrate stream.

    20. Plumbing for EDR

    21. PV EDR, 1 g/min

    23. Ionics Aquamite V: 35,000 gpd

    24. Aquamite 100: 1 MGD

    25. Ultrafiltration Cross flow or transverse flow Any membrane configuration Use re-circulation for high TSS Operating pressures ~ 50 psi Uses back flush to loosen fouling Excellent pretreatment for RO or Post treatment for ED.

    26. Size Exclusion

    27. Re-circulation to Increase Cross- Flow Velocity, Decrease Fouling

    28. Vacuum driven separation MF or UF-

    29. UF can replace several conventional processes

    30. Microfiltration

    31. Bolinas Woodrat WTP 0.2 MGD MF

    32. MF Hollow Fiber Modules

    33. Concentrate Disposal Combine with reclaimed water and release to surface water. Deep Well injection - Limited by Geology Evaporation/Crystallization - Capacity limited Irrigating golf courses and roadway vegetation - Environmental limitations Saline wetlands - Capacity Limited

    37. Deep Well Injection Rules

    38. Energy from a Solar Pond

    39. Irrigation -

    42. Samples UF and MF Costs

    43. In Summary There is a membrane system to treat most any water problem. RO and NF systems should be used to remove only dissolved solids - they need VERY clear feed water.

    44. Electrodialysis Electrodialysis can be less expensive for low TDS waters or when a 50% cut is adequate. ED removes IONS from water - it does NOT remove crypto, giardia, uncharged molecules, suspended solids etc.

    45. UF and MF UF can remove color and odor causing organics, virus, and other microbiological pests. Not dissolved salts. MF can remove suspended solids, turbidity, crypto and giardia. Not color, virus, or dissolved solids.

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