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Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks. Change is Good. Metamorphic Rocks. Formed from intense heat and pressure!. Sources of Heat. 300-1400 degree Celsius temperatures are needed for Metamorphism. Sources of heat include: Magma or lava Friction from faulting. Sources of Pressure.

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Metamorphic Rocks

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  1. Metamorphic Rocks Change is Good

  2. Metamorphic Rocks • Formed from intense heat and pressure!

  3. Sources of Heat • 300-1400 degree Celsius temperatures are needed for Metamorphism. • Sources of heat include: • Magma or lava • Friction from faulting

  4. Sources of Pressure • Mountain building (plate movements) • Intrusions of magma into surrounding rocks • Weight of overlying layers (1-5 miles thick)

  5. Types of Metamorphism • 1. Contact - (local) due to heat and pressure of magma intrusions or faulting. • 2. Regional - due to mountain building (affects a wide area)

  6. Types of Metamorphic Rocks • 2-Types: Foliated and Nonfoliated • Foliated – Minerals are aligned into parallel layers. Often looks like banding of dark and light minerals (sort of like a zebra). Results from pressure in two directions. • Nonfoliated - (recrystallized) from thermal metamorphism (intense heat); the enlargement or the formation of new minerals; large inter-locking crystals with a shiny appearance.

  7. Texture of Metamorphic Rocks • Foliated or Nonfoliated • Nonfoliated usually look chrystalline (marble, quartzite) • Grain Size: (Fine, Medium, Coarse)

  8. Foliated Rocks • Slate • Phyllite • Schist • Gneiss

  9. Foliation: How it happens!

  10. Nonfoliated Rocks • Marble • Quartzite • Anthracite coal • Hornfels • Greenstone

  11. Parent Rocks Metamorphic Rock Parent Rock Shale or Mudstone Slate Shale or Mudstone Granite or Diorite Basalt Limestone Sandstone (with quartz) Bituminous Coal Anything • Slate • Phyllite • Schist • Gneiss • Greenstone • Marble • Quartzite • Anthracite Coal • Hornfels

  12. Tectonic Boundaries for Metamorphic Rocks • Continent-Continent Convergent Boundary. • Example: India and Asia forming the Himalayas. • Regional Metamorphism

  13. Transform Boundary (Strike-Slip Fault) • Two plates slide past each other • Example: San Andreas fault in California. • Contact/Regional Metamorphism.

  14. Contact Metamorphism from magma • Magma intrusions cause metamorphism. • Contact metamorphism is caused by dikes and sills. • Regional metamorphism is caused by laccoliths and batholiths, which are large chambers of magma. • The intense heat can metamorphose the surrounding and intruded rock layers.

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