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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY. 1. The Nature of Medieval Philosophy 2. Early Medieval Philosophy 3. Late Medieval Philosophy 4. Background Information. Nature of Medieval Philosophy. History Art Religion Politics. History. Timetable Patristic Period: Birth of Jesus – 476 CE Fall of Rome

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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY

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  1. MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY 1. The Nature of Medieval Philosophy 2. Early Medieval Philosophy 3. Late Medieval Philosophy 4. Background Information

  2. Nature of Medieval Philosophy • History • Art • Religion • Politics

  3. History • Timetable Patristic Period: Birth of Jesus – 476 CE Fall of Rome Dark Ages: 500 CE - 1000 CE Scholasticism: 1000 CE - 1349 CE Late Scholasticism: 1400 CE – 1617 CE

  4. Roman Empire • East: 600s BCE – 476 CE (patristic period, Augustine) • West: Late 200s CE – 1400s CE

  5. Roman Empire - East and West • Diocletian284-286 CE (splits empire, rules east) • Re-United Empirereunited by Constantine's defeat of Licinius • Jovian 363-364 CE (splits empire, rules east)

  6. Roman Empire • Language • Geography • History and Leaders • Religion

  7. The Roman Empire 44 BCE

  8. The Roman Empire 14 CE

  9. Roman Empire and barbaric Tribe

  10. Julius Caesar • He was a Roman politician and general who, without having any orders to do so, conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France.In the year 49 BCE Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator. His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra.His life though was ended as he was infamously murdered in the senate in Rome.So famous and respected was Caesar that a month of the year is still named after him and his heirs today, July (after Julius Caesar). Also the great English poet Shakespeare wrote a famous play called Julius Caesar about his famous murder.

  11. Roman Religion and Gods • Pantheon • The Romans believed in many different gods and goddesses. For everything imaginable they had a god or goddess in charge.

  12. Jupiter • He was the master of the gods and the main god of the Romans. In his hand he held thunderbolts which he could hurl from the sky.

  13. Juno • She was the wife of Jupiter, the goddess of women and fertility. Her symbols were a pomegranate and a peacock.

  14. Mars • He was the god of war, the strongest and most fearsome god, except for Jupiter.

  15. Venus • She was the goddess of love and beauty.

  16. Minerva • She was the goddess of wisdom, learning, art crafts and industry. Her symbol was the owl.

  17. Neptune • He was the powerful god of the sea. His symbol was the trident

  18. Bacchus • He was the god of wine and partying. Naturally, he was one of Rome's most popular gods.

  19. Mercury • He was the messenger of the gods. The wings on his helmet and sandals allowed him to travel very quickly to wherever a god might send him. He was the god of travellers and tradesmen

  20. Ceres • She was the goddess of the harvest, always depicted carrying a bundle of grain.

  21. Diana • She was the goddess of hunting and a goddess of the moon.

  22. Vesta • She was the goddess of the hearth and home. She was very important to Romans. In her temple a flame was always kept burning as in the 'hearth of Rome' the flame should

  23. Roman Art • Virgil • Ovid • Seneca

  24. Constantine • 326CE Constantine the Great was the first Christian emperor of the Roman empire. He defeated all the other would-be emperors and re-united the empire, which had been divided between many rulers. He also decided to move the capital of the empire from Rome to a Byzantium, which he renamed after himself - Constantinopolis (Greek for: the city of Constantine). • He also called together Christian bishops for the Council of Nicaea at which the exact nature of the Christian religion was defined. It is known today as the 'Nicene Creed'. • For his many achievements he is known as 'Constantine the Great' and in the Christian church he is known as 'Saint Constantine'.

  25. The Nicene Creed • First Council of Constantinople (SECOND GENERAL COUNCIL.) • This council was called on May, 381, by Emperor Theodosius, to provide for a Catholic succession in the patriarchal See of Constantinople, to confirm the Nicene Faith, to reconcile the semi-Arians with the Church, and to put an end to the Macedonian heresy. The first canon is an important dogmatic condemnation of all shades ofArianism.

  26. The Nicene Creed • We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is, seen and unseen. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, of one Being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. With the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.

  27. After the Roman Empire • The Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire 476 A.D. • Charlemagne (King of the Franks) • The Power of the Catholic Church • The Crusades • Universities • The Building of Nation States • The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

  28. Pope Leo III • Date of birth unknown; died 816. He was elected on the very day his predecessor was buried (26 Dec., 795), and consecrated on the following day • Leo was a Roman, the son of Atyuppius and Elizabeth. At the time of his election he was a Cardinal-Priest of St. Susanna, and seemingly also vestiarius, or chief of the pontifical treasury, or wardrobe. • With the letter informing Charlemagne that he had been unanimously elected pope, Leo sent him the keys of the confession of St. Peter, and the standard of the city. • This he did to show that he regarded the Frankish King as the protector of theHoly See. • In return he received from him letters of congratulation and a great part of the treasure which the king had captured from the Avars. • The acquisition of this wealth was one of the causes which enabled Leo to be such a great benefactor to the churches and charitable institutions of Rome.

  29. Coronation of Charlemagne 800 CE Christmas Day

  30. The Crusades • The year was 1095 CE, William the Conqueror had united England under one crown 30 years earlier. The French had been dividing properties amongst their sons for generations, causing bloodshed between brothers over small pieces of real estate. In reaction, Pope Urban II expanded "The Truce of God", which outlawed fighting from Sunday to Wednesday, and banned fighting involving priests, monks, women, laborers and merchants on any day of the week. Italy was a collection of city-states, constantly being overrun by invading hordes, the latest of which were the Normans, who had just started to become "civilized". • There was also the Byzantine empire, ruling from Constantinople, whose emperor at this time was Alexius Comnenus. To his East, the Turks were rapidly encroaching on his empire, and had begun attacking pilgrims on their way to - and in - Jerusalem, causing him great distress. He wrote to his friend Robert, the Count of Flanders, in 1093, telling him about supposed atrocities committed by the Turks on the Christian pilgrims, and Robert passed this letter on to Pope Urban II. Urban, an opportunist, saw this as a perfect way to solve some of his local problems. He personally promoted a Holy Crusade to reclaim the Holy Lands from the barbarian Turks. • Thus, the First Crusade was launched in 1096 CE.

  31. Universities • Salamanca –(Spain) • Bologna – (Italy) • Oxford – (England) • Sorbonne (Paris)

  32. University of Salamanca - Spain • The Universidad de Salamanca is the oldest university in Spain, and one of the oldest in Europe. It was founded by Alfonso IX in the 13th century.

  33. Oxford University-England (11th Cent) • As the oldest English-speaking university in the world, it can lay claim to nine centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.

  34. Sorbornne-France (13th Century) • THE SORBONNE. Its name comes from its founder, Robert de Sorbon, chaplain and confessor of Saint Louis, king of France. • Throughout the centuries its history has been so interwoven with that of the University of Paris that it has become its symbol. • The University was born in the 13th century of the corporative organization of Paris masters and scholars

  35. Religious Orders • Benedictines 529CE • Franciscans 1209 • Dominicans 1216 • Jesuits 1540

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