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Mark Norris

ITU – Oman, Muscat, Sun 3 rd April 2005 Interconnection and Price Regulation Workshop The Changing Face of Interconnect. Mark Norris. Session 2 Agenda. The changing face of telecommunications networks The inexorable rise of IP The move to converged networks

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Mark Norris

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  1. ITU – Oman, Muscat, Sun 3rd April 2005Interconnection and Price Regulation WorkshopThe Changing Face of Interconnect Mark Norris Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  2. Session 2 Agenda • The changing face of telecommunications networks • The inexorable rise of IP • The move to converged networks • The differences between the old regime and the new • …and what this implies • Impact on interconnection • In the short term, more to cope with • In the long term, a different approach • Summary & Discussion Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  3. The changing face of telecommunications networks Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  4. Voice futures Customer demand for Multimedia Services PSTN platform maintained until ready to replace Develop Voice on BB services IP Clients Broadband & Mobile Presentation Voice & Multi Media on BB Replacement With converged platform starts New network delivering analogue to end users Natural end of life Analogue Presentation PSTN 2004 2008 2012 2018 Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  5. PSTN The Network of Today - Hierarchical, - Based on Time Division Multiplexing, - Centralized Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  6. Gateway I/C S3 T2 T2 Trunk I/C S2 S2 T2 T1 T1 T1 Area Local I/C S1 S1 S1 A A A The Established Picture of Interconnect S = Switch T = Transmission A = Access Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  7. IP / Packet The Network of Tomorrow - Peer to peer, - Based on Routing, - Distributed Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  8. The lessons of distributed computing A basic premise of IP networks is that intelligence is kept at the periphery not in the core of the network Central Control Distributed Control Packets based systems were devised to withstand failures and are built to survive equipment failure Total Success or Failure Partial success or Failure Highly distributed systems introduce a greater degree of asynchronicity and unpredictability Synchronous Asynchronous The components of a distributed system are not bound to a fixed location and can move, even when in use Fixed Locations Changing Locations Consistent design Distributed systems tend to grow organically, rather being designed as a homogeneous entity Cooperating Design Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  9. Moving from the Old to the New Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  10. The bare bones of a converged network Service Execution Function PSTN Replacement Intelligence PSTN COMBO Analogue Call Servers ISDN2/30 ISDN TA Modem DSL Metro Node DSL ConsumerVoice MPLSCORE Router TDM to OLOs IP to OLOs Media svr Gateway BusinessVoice NTE Business Data Multi ServiceAccess Node Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  11. Many more control protocols IUA for ISDN Lines MGCP SIP for Multimedia Service Execution Function SS7 – PSTN SIP/T – IP Intelligence PSTN COMBO Analogue Call Servers ISDN2/30 ISDN H.323 & SIP TA Modem DSL Metro Node DSL MPLSCORE Router Media svr Gateway NTE Business Data MPLS SIP For business Services Multi ServiceAccess Node Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  12. What is the impact of this Evolution? Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  13. Networks and services • IP addressing vs SS7 signalling • Sharing same network vs dedicated (controlled) network • Routing vs. switching • separation of service creation and transmission • Network independent vs. network centric service creation • More scope for network independent service creation Leading to ... • More opportunities for open interfaces • potentially wider participation and more competition in advanced services • interoperability issues • Geographically independent service creation • determination of applicable controls, licencing, law Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  14. Blurred vs. clear network boundaries • Blurred boundaries between network equipment and user terminal equipment • The notion of ”network termination point” is difficult to apply Leading to ... • Questions of interpretation: • where to draw the line between providers of communications services and information society services Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  15. Undefined vs. defined resource utilisation • Connection-less vs connection oriented communications • Dedicated circuits vs. multiple routes Leading to ... • Difficulty in relating resource utilisation to: • Time • Route • Need to redefine cost models where cost orientation is a regulatory requirement Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  16. Differentiation by service • Converged network • PSTN and other voice services, Internet, video reception, video conferencing etc. • A multi-service delivery platform for information society services • Some services are currently regulated, other not • How to interconnect an IP based network with a circuit switched PSTN? • With regulation likely to be based on the service being provided, rather than the technology used to deliver it, the interconnection regime cannot be determined by network technology Conclusions Scope of interconnection regimes must be defined in terms of service parameters! Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  17. Issues for Interconnect Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  18. A distributed telecom network TDM IP Voice TDM SP1 - IP IP Analogue Voice Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  19. Many more ways to Interconnect • VOIP Endpoint origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection – PSTN termination from SP2 • PSTN origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection – VOIP Endpoint termination from SP2 • VOIP Endpoint origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection – VOIP Endpoint termination from SP2 • SP1 TDM Endpoint origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection – PSTN termination from SP2 • PSTN origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection –SP2 TDM Endpoint termination from SP2 • Ingress from PSTN ISUP network to SP1 – VOIP Interconnection – Egress to PSTN ISUP network Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  20. Interconnection and QoS • Alternative strategies to achieve QoS for voice: • over-engineering • exchange of quality of service parameters • priority mechanisms / access to reserved resources • not yet standardised • Lack of reliable QoS will favour bigger networks • The move towards SLAs (and the perils therein) Conclusions Service level agreements may become part of the RIO, as is already happening in some countries (e.g. Bahrain) Service level monitoring may become a task for regulation Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  21. Service Level Agreements • Service level agreements are designed to ensure that services by each party are to agreed quality of service levels. • They should support customer requirements and take into account technical and network performance parameters. • There is currently no agreed quality of service framework across the telecommunications industry for Interconnection Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  22. The Perils of the SLA • The seven basic rules for effective SLAs • Is it simple? • Is the measure the whole parameter you need? • Can the measured parameter be controlled? • Is the measured parameter a primary measure or a derivative? • Is the measurement of the parameter a part of a control loop? • Does the measurement period provide statistical significance? • Is the measure a guarantee or a mean value? • The practical experience is different • Mean time to repair of 4 hours = we have 4 hours to fix • The law of unintended consequence (or what gets measured, gets done, even when it doesn’t make sense) • “Wall of death” effect (once the SLA is breached, give up) • Buried diamonds (key information, lost in statistics) Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  23. Summary The face of telecommunications is changing There is an evolution from circuit to packet technology Hence there are issues to be addressed: • Technical interconnect (which is likely to be the least of the problems) • Variety of interconnect possibilities • Revision of cost models • Monitoring of service levels • …..any more? And it will get worse before it gets better! Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

  24. Discussion and Questions Doc Ref 00712/PN/774.1

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