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IICS August 2010. Title. abcd Basic Disaster Awareness. GOALS. Increase your knowledge of what to do in a disaster. Increase your knowledge of what you can do to reduce your risk in a disaster. Increase your knowledge of what to do after a disaster. DISASTER EXPERIENCES. Definition:
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IICS August 2010 Title abcdBasic Disaster Awareness
GOALS • Increase your knowledge of what to do in a disaster. • Increase your knowledge of what you can do to reduce your risk in a disaster. • Increase your knowledge of what to do after a disaster.
DISASTER EXPERIENCES • Definition: • Physical, economic or social loss. • Daily life is hindered or stops completely. • People are affected. • Types: • Natural, physical or human initiated. • System meltdown!
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/default.htm Latest Earthquakes
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/default.htm Latest EQ
MARMARA EARTHQUAKE 1999 • 1999 Marmara Earhquake.
EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT HAPPEN ALL OVER THE WORLD United States Geological Survey (USGS)
HERESAY FACTS EARTHQUAKE MYTHS No. In fact, earthquakes happen at all times of the day and night and in all season. So we need to be protected in all places we live work and spend our time, and at all times of the year. Earthquakes only happen at night. They know when the the eatrthquake is - they just aren’t telling. No. ‘They’ really don’t know. Earthquake science is new. The best “predictions” that we have is that there is a 70% likehood of a major earthquake along the Northern Anatolian fault line, in the Marmara Sea within the next 30 years. No. Old news. This was came from one old picture of a California adobe house where the only thing left was the doorways. Doorways with strong wooden or steel beams that are part of load bearing walls may be safe. Doorways in cosmetic walls and unreinforced concrete buildings may not be safe. Head for a doorway Lie down by a refrigerator. No.This came from examples of buildings being pulled down and the strong white appliances had small empty spaces by them where people might have survived.
The earth’s crust is made up of tectonic plates that move very slowly and rub against one another. As the earth moves friction prevents movement, but eventually enough energy is build up that it overcomes the friction and the energy is released in waves along the faultline. TECTONIC PLATE THEORY
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD vs RISK The good news is whilst we can do nothing about the hazards, there is a lot we can do about the risks. Earthquake risks can be mitigated by human action. Earthquake hazard: Natural. We have no control over these. Earthquake risk: Our particular risk is not simply a matter of which seismic region you live in. It depends on two factors The value exposed to the threat The measures we take to mitigate the risks or to reduce our vulnerabilities Being prepared reduces our risk.
Strength of shaking Duration of shaking Distance from the epicenter Type of soil Depth of earthquake origin EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
Building design, materials, constructions and use Lifeline vulnerability: transportation, electric, water and gas lines Non-structural hazard mitigation Fire prevention and firefighting capability First responder capacity EARTHQUAKE RISK FACTORS
INTENSITY vs MAGNITUDE Intensity varies with distance from the epicentre Not necessarily in concentric circles due to soil types.
Early warning systems depend on the different speeds of radio versus seismic waves. In the Marmara region because of proximity of the fault there might be just enough time to create systems that automatically shut off gas, nuclear power, electric trains, and overpass and bridge entrances. Rapid response systems hold promise for getting help where it is needed quickly by predicting where the worst damage will be within a few minutes after on event based on over 120 strong motion measurement instuments around Istanbul, These can be used to organise fire fighting, first aid, search and rescue and relief. EARLY WARNING AND RAPID RESPONSE SYSTEMS
DISASTER PREPARENESS IS MADE UP OF SMALL STEPS Keep a flashlight, work gloves and shoes by your bed Arrange for an out of area contact person Store water Move your bed away from the window. Secure wardrobe, pictures etc. to walls Have a family meeting to discuss plans
BUILDING DAMAGE • In the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake 52,000 buildings were damaged in the Bolu, Kocaeli, Sakarya, İstanbul, Yalova,and Eskişehir provinces. Structural hazards are the hazards from building designs . • Of these buildings: • %70 mild and moderate damage, • %25 serious damage. • %3-5 destroyed.
HAZARD HUNT Furniture. Electrical and electronic equipment White goods Heating and airconditioning units. Fixtures and fittings - hanging. Ornaments.
BİNGÖL,1 MAYIS 2003 (6.4 Mw) Cüneyt TÜZÜN, BÜ KRDAE
YOUR HAZARD PLAN IDENTIFY A LIST OF THINGS TO DO: Move life threatening things e.g. move your wardrobe away from your bed Prevent economic loss e.g. move or secure your TV Ensure safety of valuables e.g move or secure family heirlooms
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD PLAN MAKE A PLAN Things to be done completion date Fix wardrobe to wall Kitchen cabinets Üst mutfak dolabında çelik tencereler var ve kapakları sarsıntıda açılabilir Banyoda şofben duvara sağlam sabitlenmemiş Televizyon sabit değil Salondaki yüksek vitrin sabit değil Koridordaki ayna çiviyle tutturulmamış Dış kapının karşısındaki portmanto sabitlenmemiş 01.11.2005 05.11.2005 15.10.2005 01.10.2005 13.10.2005 01.11.2005 - -
MOVE THINGS! Move things that can fall or block exits. Move heavy things from top to bottom shelves.
WHAT NEEDS SECURING • Crockery and cupboard items. • Flamable liquids - limit, isolate and secure. • Books . • Heavy furniture - secure it if it is taller than it is wide • White goods, electrical goods • Hanging objects and all things above your head.
WHAT CAN HAPPEN IN AN EARTHQUAKE Heavy objects can move in many directions. • Tip. • Slide. • Block exits.
SECURE GAS APPLIANCES • Secure your stove, water heater, furnace, clothes drier etc. The appliance should be fixed at the top and bottom to prevent tipping, rolling and sliding.
KEEP YOUR EXIT ROUTES CLEAR • Ensure that exits cannot be blocked by furniture • Make sure exit doors open outwards • Have alternative routes • Make sure exits are clearly labeled • Keep a crow bar/ heavy iron pry bar inside the building particularly if there are iron bars on your window.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN • Have a family meeting(home, work, school) • Include everyone. • Review every 6 months.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN • Determine a safe place. • Identify unsafe places. • Practice DROP COVER AND HOLD
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN • DETERMINE MEETING POINTS • Identify a meeting point inside your home, outside your home and outside your neighbourhood. • Children should remain in school until they can be collected • Arrange a point to leave messages
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN • DO NOT USE THE TELEPHONE UNLESS YOU HAVE A PHYSICAL EMERGENCY • Local area networks will become overloaded. Phones will get knocked off the hook. Replace them.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN • DETERMINE AN OUT OF AREA CONTACT PERSON • Choose a person out of area to be your out of area contact person. • Give them a list of the people that will want to know about your safety. • Give your friends and relatives your out of area contact persons number. • Therefore you will only have to make one call.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN • PREPARE COPIES OF IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS • Prepare copies of your important documents • These include your passport, your ikamet, professional certificates, bank books, deeds for property, prescriptions for medication etc. • Keep a copy in work and send a copy to your out of area contact (scan and email to self).
