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Drinking water projects in developing countries Factors of success and failure. Luc Hens Human Ecology Department Free University of Brussels Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels Human.ecology@vub.ac.be http://www.vub.ac.be/MEKO/. Content. Water quality Water quantity
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Drinking water projects in developing countries Factors of success and failure Luc Hens Human Ecology Department Free University of Brussels Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels Human.ecology@vub.ac.be http://www.vub.ac.be/MEKO/
Content • Water quality • Water quantity • Managing a drinking water project • Gender balance • The economic value of water
Water quality • Biological pollutants • Eye infections • Penetrating skin • Typhus • DIARRHOEA • Chemical pollution • As skin pigmentation + cancer • F- dental effects + fluorosis
Water quantity • Drought • Deforestation • Irrigation • Population growth
Managing a drinking water project Community management • Building mutual trust • Mapping
Semi-structured interview • Household sketches • Seasonal changes • Institutions: roles and responsibilities • Local knowledge • Conflict management: ‘select a water committee’ • select members among clear criteria • Assessment of satisfaction
Gender balance Increase participation of women Create an environment that encourages women
The economic value of water • Willingness to pay • Improve service • Threats to the existing service • Improvement of the economic situation • Reasons for not payment • Poor management tariff system • Lack of community ownership • Perception of water as a free resource • Poverty • Government’s responsibility Transparent tariff system
Conclusion • Developing countries • Poor water quality • Poor water quantity • Technical assistance • Education • Community management • Gender balance • Transparent tariff system