PRODUCTION OF BLAST RESISTANT AND HIGH YIELDING BASMATI 370 HYBRIDS RICE RESEARCH PROJECT

1. PRODUCTION OF BLAST RESISTANT AND HIGH YIELDING BASMATI 370 HYBRIDS RICE RESEARCH PROJECT DR. Paul NjiruhNthakanio Dr. James I. Kanya Dr. John M. Kimani Dr. Raphael Wanjogu FUNDED / COLLABORATORS NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARB , EUC, UoN, KARI

2. Objectives • To produce hybrid Basmati rice seeds that significantly yield higher than pure lines. • To produce blast (Pyricularia oryzae) resistant Basmati hybrid rice with aroma gene. • Determine yield traits in hybrid rice between PGMS/TGMS and Basmati370. • To train farmers on hybrid seed production.

3. Part of the project Breeding hybrid rice using Photo/Thermo Genic Male Sterile (P/TGMS) in the tropics- from greenhouse to the field.

4. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background • Amount of rice consumed in Kenya outstrips Production by over 200% (300,000tones – 100,000 production=200,000) • Each year about Ksh20billion is taken out of the country • Why?

5. 1.2 Fact of on Food demand/supply • By year 2030 Kenya population is expected to be 60.0million • Where will food come from ? • Climate change effects: shorter rain seasons • Agricultural revolutions since 196os a) Green revolution b) Agricultural Biotechnology c) Hybrid rice technology

6. 1.3 Hybrid rice • Hybrid rice has been have over 25% yield advantage over pure breed dwarf lines (Kush et al 1994) • To produce hybrid a female parent that is male sterile is needed and a fertile male is needed

7. 1.4 Hybrid Technology Use of hybrid vigour to in hybrid Better Parent (BP) heterosis (F1 performs better than better parent = F1-BPx100 BP

8. How it works

9. Working Mechanism of Hybrid rice seed technology

10. RICE MATERIALS FEMALE PARENT 1) V1 - IR-73827-23-76-15-7 S (TTB03) - PGMS 2) V2- IR-77271-42-25-4-36 S (TTB02) - TGMS • V3- IR-75589-31-27-8-332S (TTB01) – PGMS Pollen Donors 1) Basmati (370 and 217)

11. Hybridization x Hybrid plant Restorer parent (R/P) S -line

12. Temperature Reproductive Upper Limit high Sterile F1 Seed Production Critical Sterility Point Partial Sterility Critical Fertility Point Fertile S-line Multiplication Reproductive Lower Limit low Model of Sterility / Fertility Expression for TGMS Rice Working mechanism of technology • PGMS/TGMS

13. 2.0 SCOPE OF THIS RESEARCH Scope 1. Induce complete sterility in female parents under greenhouse conditions Outputs Achievements : 100% sterility realized see below

14. Approaches of realization female parent sterility 1. Work in Greenhouse a b Fig. 1 EGMS growing in a greenhouse. Fig. a and b show EGMS and the greenhouse respectively

15. Complete male sterile EGMS a b c Fig. 2 EGMS under sterility inducing conditions. Fig a shows EGMS growing in paddy trough, Fig.b is a sterile panicle while Fig.c is pollen from sterile panicle.

16. 2. Natural conditions – done at Mtwapa • Produce hybrid between Basmati x EGMS V3 Basmati

17. Milestone • It is now possible to produce hybrid seeds without contamination from selfbred • Complete male emasculation under natural conditions will enable bulk production of hybrid seeds.

18. Scope 2. Produce hybrid seed Hybrid Basmati370 Fig. 2 Hybri and Basmati 370 compared

19. Products of Hybridization

20. Scope 3. Produce Basmati with PGMS gene • Suitability trials are now going on Achievement 70% Accomplished Fig. 1 RIL Basmati370 with PGMS gene. This will be used as female in cross with B370

21. Achievements • Hybridization will be done as below RILBASMATI X BASMATI370 Hybrid seeds NB: In this way Basmati traits will be retianed

23. Scope 4: Produce super yielding rice Lines under trials

24. Seed evaluation

25. Celebrating the Results