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Cross-Scale Commons

Cross-Scale Commons. Investigating scale issues in distributed commons. Topics. Fisheries collapse background Limitations of a scale focus Distributed commons Theoretical implications Potential for local-driven governance. Fisheries Collapse. Fisheries Collapse.

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Cross-Scale Commons

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  1. Cross-Scale Commons Investigating scale issues in distributed commons

  2. Topics • Fisheries collapse background • Limitations of a scale focus • Distributed commons • Theoretical implications • Potential for local-driven governance

  3. Fisheries Collapse

  4. Fisheries Collapse • Problems for food, fishers, ecosystems, endangered species • Solutions through quotas, gear, reserves, community management • Hampered by entrenchment, governance, communication, uncertainty, subsides, incentives • Poor CPR traits… but history of successes

  5. The need for a local scale • Failures of government management • Capacity for cooperation • Stakeholder engagement • Local knowledge and adaptation • Scale as perspective

  6. The need for cross-scale • Co-management • Weakness of only local or gov. control • Impact of “outside” world • Local needs for government and market • Data, protection, legitimization • Emergent patterns (and resilience) • Scale-independence

  7. The Distributed Commons Relationship is more than larger and smaller. Separating the effects of scale and resolution.

  8. DC Characteristics • Non-excludability, subtractability of use • Spatially distributed exploitation and users • Effects have greatest impact locally • Mobile resource units or medium • No clear boundary at user level • Impact from “beyond boundary”

  9. DC Consequences • Differences in perspective • Core, community, outsiders • Greater uncertainty • Problems of blame, control, benefits, and coordination • Diminished property rights, but possible • Cross-boundary benefits

  10. Conceptual Model Top: Aggregate management options Bottom: Distributed management options

  11. Exploitation Regimes Uniform exploitation Point exploitation Point and uniform skins Combined point sinks

  12. Distanced Prisoner’s Dilemma • Basic prisoner’s dilemma: • Simple fishery payouts: • Adding distance:

  13. Fishery Game Regimes A) Payouts against a constant player B) Varying distance from (a) prisoner’s dilemma, (b) weak dominance, (c) optimal exploitation

  14. Capacity for Governance • Wider range of theoretical responses • Co-management needed • Local communities more aware • Government setting conditions right • Data gathering, protection from env damage, enforcement, legitimization, enabling legislation, cultural revitalization, capacity building • Natural scope to manage vs. gov interest • Leadership, cohesion, quotas, MPAs • Resilience through use patterns

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