P020A Developmental Disabilities

1. P020ADevelopmental Disabilities Mrs. Elizabeth Keele

2. Course Content #1 • Explain in detail the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition of mental retardation.

3. What is the AAIDD? • Founded 1876 • "Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons"

4. Classification of MR 1910 • Moron • 7-12 years • Imbecile • 2-7 years • Idiot • < 2 years THESE TERMS ARE NOW INAPPROPRIATEANDOFFENSIVE

5. Name Change… • Am. Assoc. of Mental Retardation • 1921

6. Name Change • 2007 • American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

7. Current definition & Criteria

8. Definition: • Mental Retardation • Intellectual Disability

9. Is intellectual disability the same as mental retardation? • YES • NO • “Intellectual disability” is the preferred term

10. Intellectual disability • Name has changes not the definition…

11. Definition of Intellectual disability • Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectualfunctioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

12. Definition of Intellectual disability • Intellectual functioning • AKA: intelligence • general mental capacity • Learning • Reasoning • Problem solving

13. Definition of Intellectual disability • How can we measure intellectual functioning? • IQ test. • score <70 – 75 = limitation in intellectual functioning.

14. Definition of Intellectual disability • Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in bothintellectualfunctioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

15. Definition of Intellectual disability • Adaptive behavior • Collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that are learned and performed by people in their everyday lives.

16. Definition of Intellectual disability • Conceptual skills • Language & literacy • Money • Time • Number concepts • Self-direction

17. Definition of Intellectual disability • Social skills • Interpersonal skills • Social responsibility • Self-esteem • Gullibility • Naïveté • Social problem solving • Ability to follow rules/obey laws • Avoid being victimized

18. Definition of Intellectual disability • Practical skills • activities of daily living • Occupational skills • Healthcare • Travel/transportation • Schedules/routines • Safety • Use money • Use telephone.

19. Definition of Intellectual disability • Standardized tests can also determine limitations in adaptive behavior.

20. Definition of Intellectual disability • Age of Onset • Before 18 • This condition is one of several developmental disabilities

21. Definition of Intellectual disability • Assume • Limitations coexistwith strengths • Level of functioning will improve • if appropriate personalized supports are provided • over a sustainedperiod

22. Definition of Intellectual disability • Only on the basis of such many-sided evaluations can professionals determine whether an individual has intellectual disability and tailorindividualizedsupportplans.

23. Is intellectual disability the same as developmental disabilities? • "Developmental Disabilities" is an umbrella term • includes intellectual disability • also includes other disabilities that are apparent during childhood.

24. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • According to the Developmental Disabilities Act, section 102(8), "the term 'developmental disability' means a severe, chronic disability of an individual 5 years of age or older that:

25. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ • Is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments

26. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ • Mental or physical impairment • Is manifestedbefore the individual attains age 22

27. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ : • Mental or physical impairment • Is manifested before 22 • Is likely to continueindefinitely

28. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ : • Mental or physical impairment • Is manifested before 22 • Is likely to continue indefinitely • Results in substantial functional limitationsin three or more of the following areas of major life activity • Self-care • Receptive and expressive language; • Learning; • Mobility; • Self-direction; • Capacity for independent living; and • Economic self-sufficiency.

29. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • Functional limitations • Self-care • Receptive and expressive language; • Learning; • Mobility; • Self-direction; • Capacity for independent living; and • Economic self-sufficiency.

30. Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities • Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ : • Mental or physical impairment • Is manifested before 22 • Is likely to continue indefinitely • Results in substantial functional limitations (3+) • Reflects the individual's need for services, supports, or other assistance that is of lifelong or extended duration

31. Intellectual disability • Intellectual disability encompasses the “cognitive” part of this definition

32. Is intellectual disability determined by just an IQ test? • YES • NO • 3 major criteria : • intellectual functioning, • adaptive behavior, • onset <18

33. IQ test • Tool • < 75 indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning

34. History of Intellectual disabilities • Earliest documentation • 1552 B.C. • Luxor, Egypt

35. Treatment throughout history • Depended on customs • Eliminated • Amusement • Slavery

36. Skill based program • Dr. Jean-Marc Itard • 1774-1838 • Father of Special Ed.

37. Residential Facilities • First: • Abendberg • Johann Guggenbühl • 1841 • Switzerland

38. USA rehabilitation & reintegration • DortheaDix • Asylums • Samuel Howe • Director of Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston • Hervey Wilbur • 1st private institution

39. Eugenics • Sterilization laws

40. Small Group Questions • What is the AAIDD? • What is the definition of mental retardation? • ID originates before what age? • What is another term for intellectual functioning? • What are the skill-sets associated with adaptive behavior? (Give specific examples of each skill set) • What is the relationship between developmental disability and intellectual disability? • What is the federal government’s definition of developmental disability? • Who are Johann Guggenbuhl, Dorothea Dix, Samuel Howe and Hervey Wilbur in relationship to ID? • What are eugenics laws?

41. Course Content #2 • Detail the general deficits experienced by mental retarded individuals as compared with normal individuals in 3 distinct development stages • Infancy – early childhood • Childhood – adolescence • Late adolescence - adulthood

42. Cognitive Theory • Jean Piaget • Intellect & develop thought processes

43. Cognitive theory3 Major Concepts • Schema • Idea’s that grow from experience • Assimilation • Ability to absorb new information into schemas • Accommodation • Schemas change with new information

44. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRF27F2bn-A • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpO5w9mM-1M

45. SENSORIMOTOR • Age • Birth – 2 yrs • Major developmental Task • Mobility • Sense of self • Object permanence • Form mental images

46. Preoperational • Age • 2 – 6 yrs • Major developmental Task • Express self with language • Understanding gestures • Conservation

47. Concrete operational • Age • 6 - 12 yrs • Major developmental Task • Logical thinking • Reversibility & spatiality • Differentiate and classify • Socializing • Apply rules

48. Formal operational • Age • 12 – 16 yrs • Major developmental Task • Abstract thinking • Testing hypotheses

49. A child forgets about the toy as soon as it is placed under a blanket – is an example of a child's lack of… • Sense of self • Object permanence • Conservation • Reversibility • Delayed gratification

50. Intellectual Disability • Limitations in age-appropriate intellectual & adaptive behavior • Life Span