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Men-Women Relationships Through Time

Men-Women Relationships Through Time. Past to present (Blau p 12-29). Why would people marry under these circumstances?. Gary Becker’s Theory of Marriage Marriage has two sides Household Working People marry because each can receive benefits Comparative advantage. Comparative Advantage.

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Men-Women Relationships Through Time

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  1. Men-Women Relationships Through Time Past to present (Blau p 12-29)

  2. Why would people marry under these circumstances? • Gary Becker’s Theory of Marriage • Marriage has two sides • Household • Working • People marry because each can receive benefits • Comparative advantage

  3. Comparative Advantage • Being able to do a task at a lower opportunity cost than the other person in question. • What is opportunity cost??? • What you have to give up • Males – comparative advantage in??? • Females – comparative advantage in??? • Lets think of this in terms of the market…

  4. Producing and trading • Two people: Elizabeth and Brian • Each produce two goods: Bread and Apples • Elizabeth  10 loaves of bread and 10 apples • Brian  5 loaves of bread and 15 apples

  5. Comparative Advantage • Should both produce apples and bread or should they specialize? • What does specialize mean? • Produce the good that you do best • Produce at a lower costs than other person(s) can • Called comparative advantage • Looks at opportunity cost • What was that? • What you have to give up • Give up less?? Have the comparative advantage

  6. What are the opportunity costs? • Elizabeth • If give up 10 apples how much more bread can she produce? • 10 units • If give up 10 loaves of bread how many more apples can she produce? • 10 units • Opportunity Costs • 10 Bread = 10 Apples • 1 Bread = 1 Apple

  7. What are the opportunity costs? • Brian • If give up 15 apples how much more bread can he produce? • 5 units • If give up 5 loaves of bread how many more apples can he produce? • 15 units • Opportunity Costs • 5 Bread = 15 Apples • 1 Bread = 3 Apples • 1/3 Bread = 1 Apple

  8. Should we specialize? • Elizabeth • 1 Bread = 1 Apple • Brian • 1 Bread = 3 Apples • 1/3 Bread = 1 Apple • Who produces apples cheaper? • What does cheaper mean? • Lower opportunity cost (give up less) • Brian!!! Give up only 1/3 loaves of bread • Who produces bread cheaper? • Elizabeth!!! Give up only 1 apple

  9. Here is the deal • Elizabeth produces only bread (20 loaves) • Brian produces only apples (30 apples) • Trade 8 loaves of bread for 12 apples • Breakdown of end result • Elizabeth Bread? • 12 loaves (20 - 8 traded) • Elizabeth Apples? • 12 apples (0 + 12 traded)

  10. Brian Bread • 8 loaves (0 + 8 traded) • Brian Apples • 18 apples (30 -12 traded) • Are they better off??

  11. Are they better off??

  12. Are they better off??

  13. Are they better off??

  14. Are they better off??

  15. Both are Better off!!

  16. Can you do it??? Comparative Advantage example

  17. Why don’t marriages stay together as much as in the past? • Women have increased their comparative advantage in the workforce • Benefits of marriage are less

  18. Divorce Rates of Selected Countries

  19. Why did women begin devoting more time to working after 1960? • Less products “homemade” • Less time needed to do housework because of washing machines, vacuums… • Decrease in the fertility rates of women • 10 in the 18th century • 5 in the early 19th century • 3 in the 20th century • 2.1 presently

  20. Changes in Society overtime • Marriage Bar (late 1800s until mid 1900s) • Labor Force Participation of women has consistently been increasing (43% to over 70% currently) • Women are now expected to be part of the labor force. • How have these changes impacted the workforce?

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