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外国事業の融資. Financing Foreign Operations. S. Mark Barnes September 2009. 外国事業の融資. Sources of Funds Internal Private Placement/Venture Capital Banks Insurance Companies Pension Funds Endowment Funds Capital Markets Governments. 外国事業の融資. Internal Sources
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外国事業の融資 Financing Foreign Operations S. Mark Barnes September 2009
外国事業の融資 • Sources of Funds • Internal • Private Placement/Venture Capital • Banks • Insurance Companies • Pension Funds • Endowment Funds • Capital Markets • Governments
外国事業の融資 • Internal Sources • A company may have sufficient cash that it can finance a foreign investment without going to external sources
外国事業の融資 • Debt • Debt financing is accomplished by way of a contract between the borrower and lender • Borrower pays interest to the lender • The lender has priority over equity holders • The lender does not share in the profits of the business
外国事業の融資 • Equity • Ownership interest in the enterprise • Shareholders • Members of LLCs • Sole proprietors
外国事業の融資 • Preferred Shares • Hybrid instruments • Higher priority than shareholders • Lower priority than creditors • Dividend is normally specified as an annual percentage amount (like interest)
外国事業の融資 • Private Placement • Obtain funds directly from other parties • Can be either an equity interest or a debt interest • Limited number of parties involved • Not regulated like public offerings • Banks often involved in arranging transactions, but the funds do not come from a bank
外国事業の融資 • Financial Intermediaries • Banks • Insurance Companies • Pension Funds
外国事業の融資 • Capital Markets • Stock Markets • Equity interest • Bond Markets • Debt interest
外国事業の融資 • Interest Rates • Nominal Rate • The numerical rate specified in the contract • Real Rate • Nominal Rate – Inflation Rate = Real Rate
外国事業の融資 • Debt Matching Rule • Traditionally, the term of the loan was thought best matched to the length of the project • Short-term borrowing for short-term needs • Long-term borrowing for long-term needs • Banks = Short-term • Life Insurance Companies, Pension Funds, Long Term Credit Banks = Long-term
外国事業の融資 • Yield Curve Arbitrage • Borrow short term • Lend long term
外国事業の融資 • Carry Trade • Borrow short term in low interest rate country • Invest in high interest rate country • http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/06/26/whiteboard_the_repo_market/
外国事業の融資 • Repo Market • http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/06/26/whiteboard_the_repo_market/