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2. ?8? ??????????. ????????,??????????? ?????????????????, ?????????????,???? ???????? ????????,????????? ????????????????,? ?????,???????????? ???. 3. ?8? ??????????. ?????????? ?2004???????????????,?? ???????????????????? ????(Morgan Stanley)??????? ??,???????,????????? ??
E N D
1. 1 ?8? ?????????? ???:
???? ???
???? ????
?? ??
??? ??????
2. 2 ?8? ?????????? ??
·??????,???????????
?????????????????,
?????????????,????
????????
·????????,?????????
????????????????,?
?????,????????????
???
3. 3 ?8? ?????????? ??????????
?2004???????????????,??
????????????????????
????(Morgan Stanley)???????
??,???????,?????????
???????,????????????
,???????????????????
?,???????????,??????
??????????,????????
4. 4 ??--??????--Betty Dukesv.
Wal-Mart Stores
2004?6?,??????160?????
??????????????????2001
????,???????????????
?(Wal-Mart),????6????????
????????????????????
???????,????????????
????????????????????
65%???,???33%??????
5. 5 ?????????,???????
?????????????????,?
???????????????????
????????2003??????,??
???????????????????
??
6. 6 ??????1998?12????????
????????????????????
???????3586????????120?,
??????????????????,?
????????????????,???
??????????????(New York
Times, June 23, July 2,2 004)
(????:???????????????
«??»2004?10?2?)
7. 7 ?????????????:
??-???????????
2004?11?24?(???),???
????????????????,?
???????293???,?127???
,???166?????????????
?,????????????????
,?????????
8. 8 ?????????????1979?,
????230??,??????,???
????,1998????????,???
4?1200?,??????450?,????
???????,????????10??
???????????????????
??8???,??127?????????
????????,
?????????
???
9. 9 ???????????????????
???,?????????????????
??????,????????,?????
????????????,????????
,???????????,????????
??,??????????????????
???????2001?4???????,??
38???,??7?,????????????
?(BBC NEWS, 2004/11/25)(???????
??,???????4:??????????
???)
10. 10
11. 11
12. 12 ??????????
??--????????
???????????????????
,????????????????????
???,??8,500????????????
????????(Reebok)???,????
?????????????????,???
????????????????,????
????????
??????????????????,
????????????,????????
,??????,?????????????
?????,??????,????????
??????????
13. 13 ?1999?,??????????????
?,???????????????,???
?????????,???????????
?????,????????????,??
??????????????,??????
????????500??????????,
???????,????Reebok??????
???????????,?????????
????????????1???,????
??2??????????????????,
??????????,???????,??
???????,???????????,?
??????????????
14. 14 ?1990??,???????????
????????,??????????
??????????????????,
??????????,??????,?
???????????????,???
??????????1990???,???
??????????????,????
????,??????????,???
??????????,????????
???????????????
15. 15 ?????????,???????
???????????,???????
??????,????????????
???????????,??????????,????????,?????
???????????????????
??????????????,????
???????????????????
??????,????????????
??????????
16. 16 ???,???????,Liz Claiborne
Inc?Nike?Reebok?Mattel???????
???????,????????????
???????,???????,????
????????????????????
?????????????,??????
??????(Fair Labor Association)?
????????????????????
,??????????????????
(????:?????????????,«??», 2001?8?6?)
17. 17 ???--??????????
1990????,?????????,
??????????????,????
??????????????,????
??????????????,?25??
?1.79?,???2005??3.79??
?????????????????
?????,?????????????
18. 18 ??,?????IBM????????
????,??????????IBM???
????????????????????
??,??????????????,??
???????????????,??,?
????????????????????
???,???????,????????
??,????????(«???»,?94
?4?18?,A12)
19. 19 ??????????
???????????,??3?1
??????????,???????
??????????????????
??????????????????
???????????3?4?,???
?????
20. 20 ????????????,????
???????????????????
??????????6%????????
????,??????????????
?????????????????,?
???????????????????
8??,????????????????
??,????20???????????
????12??????????,???
?????????30??
(«???»,?94?4?19?,A6)
21. 21 ?8? ?????????? ??????????
·??????????????????
?,????????????????
????,??????19??????
?????????,????????
?????????,????????
,?????????????????
???,??????????????
,?????????????????
??
22. 22 ?8? ?????????? ·??????????????,??
?????????????
·???????????,?????
??????,??????????
???
·?????????????,???
?????????????????
--???????????????
?????
23. 23 ?8? ?????????? ??????????
·????????????????
?????,??????????
??????????
24. 24 ?8? ?????????? ·????????????,????
???,?????????????
?????????????????
,?????????,??????
???,?????????,???
???
25. 25 ?8? ?????????? ·????????????????
(agency perspective)??????
?????,???????????
?????????????????
,???????,????????
????????,????????
???????
26. 26 ?8? ?????????? ·?????,????????????
?,?????????????
·??????????????????
??????,???????????
???,??????????????
?????????,????????
?????,????????????
????????,?????????
???????????
27. 27 ?8? ?????????? ·20??1930??,??(Bernard
1938)?????????????
????,??«????????
??»Theory and Function of the
Executive, 1938),???????
??????????
28. 28 ?8? ?????????? ·????,???????????
??????????????,?
???????????
·????????????????
????????????????
?????????????,??
?????????????
29. 29 ?8? ?????????? ??????????(Deming)???
,????????????????
??????:
·????????????????
????,??????
·??????????,?????
???????;????????
?????????????
30. 30 ?8? ?????????? ·????????????????
·??????????????,??
??????
·?????????????????
?????????
·???????????,?????
????;????????????
???????(Young 2003: 113)
31. 31 ?8? ?????????? ???????
????????,???????????
???????????????????
:????????????,?????
??????????????????:
·?????????????,????
??????
·??????????????????
??
32. 32 ?8? ?????????? ·?????,????,??????
?????????,???????
?
·????????????????,
?????????,???????
?
·???????,?????????
???
33. 33 ?8? ?????????? ·?????????,???????
???????,?????????
?,?????????????
·????????,????????
???
·????????????????
·?????????????????
?????
34. 34 ?8? ?????????? ·????????????????
????,???????????
????,?????????
35. 35 ???--????? ?????
????????????,????
??21?????????,??????
???????????????????
,???6%?10%???????,???
????????405??,??????
?????????22%,?89?,???
???????76.3%,????309???
(«???»,?94?1?19?,A3)
36. 36 ?8? ?????????? ??????
??????????????????,
????????????????:
·?????????????,????
??????????????????
?????????????,?????
·????????????
·??????????????????
?,??????????
37. 37 ?8? ?????????? ?????????????????:
·???????
·??????????????
·????????????
·???????????????
·?????????,???????
????
·?????????????,???
????????,?????
38. 38 ?8? ?????????? ·???????(due process
procedures)????,??????
?????????
·?????????????????
(right to due process)?????
???????????????,?
?????,????????,??
????????
39. 39 ?8? ?????????? ·????????????????
????????????????
????????,???????
????????????????
????????????????
??????,???????
40. 40 ?8? ?????????? ·???????????
·???????????????
·?????????????????
·??????????,??????
?????????????????
?
41. 41 ?8? ?????????? ·?????????????????
???????,?????????
???????????,?????
??
·?????????????????
????????????
·?????????????????
???????,?????
42. 42 ???--????????
???????2?2???????
??????,??14???????,
????12??????5?,????
??46????7?,????????
??????,?30??;??????
??????7??1?????????
9??
(«????»,?94?2?3?,A8)
43. 43 ???--?????????
????????????9????
?????????37?????????
?????10?,???????????
???,????24???????2002?
2?15??,???????????,?
???2?????????9???,??
?????????,???????,?
????????,????????
44. 44 ????4????????????
????3?24???10?24?,????
?????,?????????,??
????????????,?????
???
(«?????»,2002?3?25?)
45. 45 ???--?????????
?????????Weyco?????
,????????????????,?
???????????,???????
???????????????????
???????????????????
??,????????????????
??????????,????????
???????????2005?1?1???
,????????,???????
46. 46 ?14?????????????
????,?4???????,???
?????????????????
?,???????????????
???????????,?????
??????,??
??????
47. 47 ????Howard Weyers?????
??,?????????,?????
??????????,???????
???,??????????????
????Weyers?????????,?
??????????????????
??
(BBC NEWS, 2005/01/27)
48. 48 ?8? ?????????? ????????????
·???,?????????????
??????????????,??
?????????????????
?????,???????????
?
·?????????????????
,????????????,???
?????????????
49. 49 ?8? ?????????? ????????????
??????????????????
??????,?????????:
·????:?????????,?
???,????????,???
??????????
50. 50 ?8? ?????????? ·??:????????15????
(?????????????14?
???)????????????
???????????
·?????:??????????
???,????????????
??????????????
51. 51 ?8? ?????????? ·????:????????????
?????????????????
????????,??????,?
?????????????????
????????
·?????:???????????
????????,????????
???????????,?????
??????
52. 52 ?8? ?????????? ·??????????:??????
?????????????????
·?????:???????????
??????????,??????
?????????????????
????????,????????
??????
53. 53 ·????:????????,????
????:
(1)??48??,?12??????,?
(2)?????????????????
???,
(3)?????????????????
,????????:
(4)?????????12???????;
(5)?????????????
54. 54 ?8? ?????????? ·????:??????????,?
?????????????????
??,???????????,??
????????????
????????????:???
????(liveable wages)?????
??????,?????????
55. 55 ??
1999?1?,????(Saipan)??
???????????,???????
???????????????????
??(Union of Needletrades,Industrial
and Textile Employees, UNITE),??
????????,??????????
?????????????,????10
??????,????????????
????????,???????
56. 56 ????????(????????
??????????North Mariana??
??)???????????2?5???
???????????????????
?,???18??????????,??
Tommy Hilfiger?Sears?Roebuck &
Company?Wal-Mart?The Gap?J. Crew?
The Limited?Nordstrom???3????
?,????????,????????
???
57. 57 ????????????????
??????12??,???????,
????????,?????????
??,????????????,??
???,???7??????.????
?32????????????,??
?,????????
(Vancouver Sun, Jan 15, 1999)
58. 58 ????????????????
???.???1999?8????????
??????8?10?????????,
?????????????????,
??????125??????,????
??????????????????
??????????????????
??7????????
(VancouverSun, August 10, 1999)
59. 59 ?8? ?????????? ??????????????
1991?,?????(Levi Strauss)
??????????????????
??(??«????»)??????1999?,?????????????
?(Levi Strauss & Co Global Sourcing
and Operating Guidelines):
(Schoenberger 2000, 265-269
Appendix A)
60. 60 ???«????»?????????
????????????????????
????????????????????
????????????????????
??50??????500?????
«????»???,????????
????????????????????
??,????????????????
«????»???????????,??
?????????????,??????
??????????
61. 61 ?8? ?????????? ?«????»??????:
·????????:?????Levi
Strauss?????????????
·??????:???????????
?????????????(????
????,?????????)???
??????????????????
???
62. 62 ?8? ?????????? ?????????????????
???????????????,
????????????????
??????????,«????»
????,???????????
???????
63. 63 ?8? ?????????? ?????(Terms of Engagement)
·????
??????????????
????????????????
·????
??????????????
,???????????????
64. 64 ?8? ?????????? ·????
???????????????
????,???????????
?????????
65. 65 ?8? ?????????? 5.????
??????:???????????
???????,?????????
?????:?????????,??
???????????,?????
???????????????60?
????,?????????60??
?????????????????
?
66. 66 ???:??????????????
??14?,????????????
?????????????????
????????????????
????????:?????????
??,??????????????
????????
67. 67 ???:???????????,??
??????????,??????
?????????????????
??????
?????:????????????
?????????????????
??? ?8? ??????????
68. 68 ?????????
????????????,?????
????
?????????????,????
??????????????,??
???????
?????????????,????
?????????,???????
??????????? ?8? ??????????
69. 69 ???????
(The Country Assessment Guidelines)
1.????:????????????
?????????????????
?
2.?????:???????????
????????????,????
??????????????? ?8? ??????????
70. 70 3.??:?????????????,?
??????????????????
?
4.????:?????????????
???????????,??????
??,???????????????
,?????????????????
?? ?8? ??????????
71. 71 ???--Levi Strauss?????
????????????,????Levi
Strauss??,??????????????
???????1950??,?????????
?????,???????????????
????????????????,????
??????,??????????????
,????????????????????
?????????????????????
?????,???????????????
??????????
72. 72 ?????????????????,
?????????????????,??
????,?????????????,?
????????????????????
?????,??????????????
??????,?????????????
?????????
73. 73 ???????????(Haas)?
??????,???????????
????????,?????????
????????????????,?
????????,?????????
??1969?«????»???????
????(“Business Citizenship”)?
?Levi Strauss?(Schoenberger2000:
32)
74. 74 ?8? ?????????? ??
???????????,??????
?????????????
???????????
·???????????,?????
?????(?????)????
·??????,?????????
,??????????????
75. 75 ?8? ?????????? ·???????????(????
????????????)?
·????????????????
????
·????????????????
????????????
76. 76 ?8? ?????????? ·????????????????
??????
·????????????????
??????????????