City Scale

1. City Scale [City location]

2. CLIMATE • Climate • Shanghai has a humid subtropical climate and experiences four distinct seasons. Winters are chilly and damp, and cold northwesterly winds from Siberia can cause nighttime temperatures to drop below freezing, although most years there are only one or two days of snowfall. Summers are hot and humid, with an average of 8.7 days exceeding 35 °C (95 °F) annually. The city is also susceptible to typhoons in summer and the beginning of autumn.The most pleasant seasons are Spring and Autumn. The city averages 4.2 °C (39.6 °F) in January and27.9 °C (82.2 °F) in July, for an annual mean of 16.1 °C (61.0 °F). Shanghai experiences on average 1,878 hours of sunshine per year, with the hottest temperature ever recorded at 40.2 °C (104 °F), and the lowest at −12.1 °C (10 °F). The average frost-free period is 276 days.

3. SOCIAL MAKEUP ----- ECONOMY • Shanghai is the commercial and financial centre of China. • Today, Shanghai is again one of the most prosperous cities in the world. • In 2010, Shanghai's total GDP grew to 1.687 trillion RMB (US$256.3 billion) with GDP per capita of 76,000 RMB ($11,540). The three largest service industries are financial services, retail, and real estate. The manufacturing and agricultural sectors accounted for 39.9 percent and 0.7 percent of the total output respectively. Average annual disposable income of Shanghai residents, based on the first three quarters of 2009, was 21,871 RMB($3428). • Shanghai has the world’s busiest container port, which handled 29.05 million TEUs in 2010. • Shanghai has a solid foundation in the financial services industry. The city has set up a complete financial institution, including commercial banks, securities companies, insurance companies, fund management companies, trust companies, futures companies and financial leasing companies.  In 2009, the Shanghai Stock Exchange ranked third among worldwide stock exchanges in terms of trading volume and sixth in terms of the total capitalization of listed companies. • Shanghai is now ranked fifth in the latest edition of the Global Financial Centres Index published by the City of London. • Shanghai is still the industrial centre in the mainland China. heavy industries and auto manufacture.

4. Demography • The 2010 census revealed that the population of Shanghai had reached 23,019,148, including 8,977,000 long-term migrants, a growth of 37.53% from the 2000 census population of 16,737,734.There is a serious aging problem among Shanghai's registered residents: as of 2009 only 8.3% of the total were under the age of 14, while 22.54% were over 60. Based on population of total administrative area, Shanghai is the second largest of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China, behind Chongqing, but is generally considered the largest city in China because Chongqing's urban population is much smaller. • 98.8% Of Shanghai's residents are of the Han Chinese ethnicity, while 1.2% belong to various minority groups. However, the minority population has grown by 165.54% since 2000, much faster than the overall population growth. • According to the Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau, there were 152,050officially registered foreigners in Shanghai as of 2009. This is an increase of 50% from 2005, when the registered foreigner population was 100,011. The nationalities and population of the three largest registered foreigner groups are: Japanese (31,490), American (21,284) and Korean (20,700). Note that these statistics only show officially registered residents, and that the actual number of foreign citizens living in Shanghai is likely much higher.  Some foreign expatriates are staying in Shanghai as long-term settlers, renewing Shanghai's reputation as China's global city. In addition, there are a large number of people from Taiwan living within the municipality (2010 estimates vary around 700,000).

5. Demography • Religion • Due to its cosmopolitan history, Shanghai has a rich blend of religious heritage as shown by the religious buildings and institutions still scattered around the city.  • Taoism has a presence in Shanghai in the form of several temples, including the City God Temple, at the heart of the old city, and a temple dedicated to the Three Kingdoms general Guan Yu. • The Wenmiao is a temple dedicated to Confucius.  • Buddhism has had a presence in Shanghai since ancient times. Longhua temple, the largest temple in Shanghai, and Jing'an Temple, were first founded in the Three Kingdoms period. Another important temple is the Jade Buddha Temple, which is named after a large statue of Buddha carved out of jade in the temple. In recent decades, dozens of modern temples have been built throughout the city. • A predominant religion in Shanghai is Mahayana Buddhism, and Taoism is also followed by many Shanghai residents. • Islam came into Shanghai 700 years ago and a mosque was built in 1295 in Songjiang. In 1843, a teachers' college was also set up. • Shanghai has the highest Catholic percentage in Mainland China (2003).Among Catholic churches, St Ignatius Cathedral in Xujiahui is one of the largest, while She Shan Basilica is the only active pilgrimage site in China. • Christianity in shanghai includes Eastern Orthodox minorities and, since 1996, registered Christian Protestant churches. During World War II thousands of Jews descended upon Shanghai in an effort to flee Hitler’s regime. The Jews lived side-by-side in a designated area called Shanghai Ghetto and formed a vibrant community centered on the Ohel Moshe Synagogue, which is preserved remnant of this portion of Shanghai’s complex religious past.

6. Demography • Education • Shanghai has one of the most developed education systems in China. The 2010 census shows that among Shanghai's total population, 22.0% had college education, double the level from 2000, while 21.0% had high school, 36.5% middle school, and 1.35% primary school education. 2.74% of residents 15 and above were illiterate. • Shanghai has more than 930 kindergartens, 1,200 primary and 850 middle schools. Over 760,000 middle schools students and 871,000 primary school students are taught by 76,000 and 64,000 teaching staffs respectively. • Shanghai is also a major centre of higher education teaching and research with over 30 universities and colleges. A number of country's most prestigious universities are based in Shanghai, including Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tongji University, East China Normal University, Shanghai International Studies University, andShanghai University of Finance and Economics. • In 2010, Shanghai took the top spot in the latest round of the most comprehensive assessment of the world’s state schools. According to Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results, Shanghai students scored highest in every aspect (Maths, Reading and Science) in the world. The study also indicates that public-funded schools in Shanghai have the highest educational quality around the world

7. Type of Industry • Service industries especially financial services, retail, and real estate. • Manufacturing • Heavy industries and auto manufacture

8. Land Use

9. Location of Industry

10. Circulation---Street Network Main Structure: Circumferential dispersion

11. Circulation---Street Network Old city district 300-600 600-900 Unit: foot Block Dimension

12. Circulation---Street Network 800-1000 New City District 1000-1500 Unit: foot Block Dimension

13. Circulation---Pedestrian Pedestrian road in historic area No cars at all

14. Circulation---Pedestrian Pedestrian road in commercial district No cars at all

15. Circulation---Pedestrian Learn from Hongkong Mingzhu Circle ----Pedestrian bridge

16. Major Building Types • Housing Traditional Shanghai Style Historic Western Style Modern housing

17. Major Building Types • Business Lujiazui CBD Image of future Lujiazui CBD

18. Major Building Types • Commercial [One modern style]

19. Sustainability Shanghai Metropolitan Master Plan Three new cities and seven towns surrounding the central city district.

20. Sustainability Chongming Island Design

21. Sustainability Chongming Island