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Water Resources

Water Resources. Types of Water. 71% of Earth is covered in water Salt Water – 97% of the Earth’s water Fresh Water – 3% of the Earth’s Water 77% is frozen Surface water – lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands. River Systems. Tributary – start of system; usually in mountains

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Water Resources

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  1. Water Resources

  2. Types of Water • 71% of Earth is covered in water • Salt Water – 97% of the Earth’s water • Fresh Water – 3% of the Earth’s Water • 77% is frozen • Surface water – lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands

  3. River Systems • Tributary – start of system; usually in mountains • Streams and creeks flow into rivers which flow into seas and oceans • Watershed – the area of land drained by a specific river • Watersheds are defined by land topography

  4. Groundwater • Water stored underground in sediment and rock formation • Water is filtered as it percolates through the ground • Watertable – point at which water saturates the soil and rock • Aquifer – underground formation of permeable rocks that allow the flow of water; usually made of gravel and/or limestone instead of clay or granite • Recharge zone - enviro. Sensitive area where water percolates into the aquifer

  5. Use of Water • Residential • Treated to be potable • Sewage, well, and wastewater is treated • Industrial • Manufactoring • Power generation – cooling reservoirs • Agriculture • Largest use of freshwater worldwide • Irrigations • Natural waterways are often altered to meet agricultural need

  6. Water Management Projects • Diversion • Dams • Reseviors • Pros • Drinking water, recreation, hydroelectric power • Cons • Ecosystem disruption, displacing people, risk of dam failure

  7. Water Conservation • Agriculture • Drip irrigation • Time of irrigation • Home • Low flow toilets and shower heads, teeth brushing, showers, rainwater collection • Yard irrigatioon • Industry • Cooling towers rather than reservoirs; low flow

  8. Water Alternatives • Fresh water is being used faster in some metropolitan areas than it can be treated • Desalinization • Salt water abundant • Expensive • Transport in from other areas

  9. Water Pollution • Point Source • Single location • Impact often great in one area • Can be regulated • Non-point Sources • Many different sources • Hard to control or regulate • Types of Pollution • Pathogens • Organic matter • Organic Chemicals – pesticides, fertilizers, plastics, detergents, petroleum • Inorganic Chemicals – acids, bases, salts • Heavy metals • Physical agents – heat and suspended particles

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