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Social Development (Chapter 13)

Social Development (Chapter 13). Lecture Outline: Emotional development The “self” and personality Temperament. Differentiation theory. Excitement. Positive emotions. Negative Emotions. surprise. sad. pain. joy. anger. interest. Other theories of emotion.

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Social Development (Chapter 13)

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  1. Social Development (Chapter 13) Lecture Outline: Emotional development The “self” and personality Temperament

  2. Differentiation theory Excitement Positive emotions Negative Emotions surprise sad pain joy anger interest

  3. Other theories of emotion • Discrete emotions theory: • Innately disposed to experience emotions • Behavioral and cognitive approaches: • Emotions are learned through experience and represented cognitively • Labels are applied to physiological states: Eat two chocolate bars and go to the movies

  4. Paul Ekman: Facial Action Coding

  5. Emotions have adaptive evolutionary function • Joy: About to achieve a goal • Anger: Confronted by an obstacle • Sadness: A goal is unattainable • Disgust: Something distasteful is happening • All of these emotions lead to motivation for some kind of action or reaction

  6. Children must learn to read emotional cues: Is this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed irritation?

  7. Erik Erikson and Personality Development • Trust vs. mistrust: Birth to 1 year • Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3) • Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12) • Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence) • Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood) • Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult) • Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

  8. Self concept What am “I” Physical, active, social, psychological components are related to progression across ages Self-esteem Evaluative component How valued am I? People internalize the evaluative judgements made by others The “Self”

  9. Temperament • Disposition, intensity, and duration of emotional experience • Easy: Playful, adaptable, regular in sleep and eating cycles • Difficult: Fusy, irregular, unadaptable to new situations • Slow-to-warm up: Avoid/ shy with novelty • Goodness-of-fit: person X environment interaction

  10. What do these non-verbal behaviors tell you about the temperaments of these job candidates? Who would you hire?

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