Quiz

1. 498 – 506 - Analyze a primary source document. - Describe the policy of the U.S. Government in dealing with the native-American tribes in the West.

2. Quiz

4. The Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)

5. Significance of the joining of the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10, 1869. • Engineering accomplishment symbolized westward expansion. • Set a precedent for future development by corporations and • the government rather than individuals. • Workers reflected the racial diversity of the west. • Stimulated the economy as both people and goods moved. • Provoked conflict with the Indian tribes in the west.

6. Native-American Culture • Adapted to the environment • Tillamooks and Chinooks prospered due to the Northwest’s rich waters and dense forests. • Cahuillas and Shoshones in desert supplemented diets with insects and small animals. • Pueblos used adobe bricks due to lack of timber in Southwest.

8. Native-American Culture • Adapted to the environment • Tillamooks and Chinooks prospered due to the Northwest’s rich waters and dense forests. • Cahuillas and Shoshones in desert supplemented diets with insects and small animals. • Pueblos used adobe bricks due to lack of timber in Southwest. • Regional diversity by tribes (Not united as a large group). • Lakota Sioux in MN and the Dakotas were largest tribe. • Cheyenne and Arapaho in the Central Great Plains. • Commanche’s dominated the Southern Great Plains.

9. Plains Indians – (1908) Tribe unknown, believed to be re-enactment of a war party.

10. Typical Lakota Sioux Encampment

11. Native-American Culture • Community welfare was emphasized over individual needs. • So, there was a cultural incompatibility with whites • Whites viewed Indians as savages to be destroyed or converted to Christianity and White customs • Concept of personal property differed

12. Federal Indian Policy • Reservation Policy – to separate whites and Indians by placing Indians on reservations until 1840s when TX, CA, OR became states, settlers moved west, into these reservation lands.

13. Federal Indian Policy Warfare • Reservation Policy – to separate whites and Indians by placing Indians on reservations until 1840s when TX, CA, OR became states, settlers moved west, into these reservation lands. • Mormons settled on Indian lands in 1847. • Gold, silver discoveries drew settlers to CA in 1848. • Settlers discovered the so-called “Great American Desert” was actually suitable for farming. • Results? • Warfare between Indians and settlers!

14. Results of Federal Reservation Policy • Examples conflicts: • Sand Creek Massacre (1864) • Gold was discovered in CO, Colonel John Chivington was ordered to remove Chief Black Kettle and the Cheyenne.

15. Results of Federal Reservation Policy • Examples conflicts: • The Battle of the One Hundred Slain • Lakota Sioux wiped out an army detachment on the Bozeman Trail. • Second Treaty of Fort Laramie – U.S. agreed to close the trail and granted the Sioux the western half of South Dakota and Powder River in Montana.

16. Results of Federal Reservation Policy • Examples conflicts: • The Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) • Colonel George Custer was ordered to remove Sioux from Powder River region when gold was discovered. • Sitting Bull resisted and wiped out Custer’s command.

17. General Custer’s Camp at Little Bighorn (recovered photo)

18. Remains

19. Site of Battle of Little Bighorn (Montana) – Reenactment

20. Federal Indian Policy • Americanization Policy – effort to force Indians to adopt White culture settling, farming, Christianity and capitalism. • Examples: • Protestant groups • Bureau of Indian Affairs – outlawed the “Sun Dance” • “Ghost Dance” – Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)

21. Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) – Chief Bigfoot

22. Federal Indian Policy • Americanization Policy – effort to force Indians to adopt White culture settling, farming, Christianity and capitalism. • Examples: • Protestant groups moved west as missionaries to Christianize native-American tribes. • Bureau of Indian Affairs – outlawed the “Sun Dance” • Used force to stop the “Ghost Dance” at the Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) • Off-Reservation Boarding Schools forced Indian children to cut their hair, change style of dress, learn English. • Dawes Act (1887) – divided tribal lands among individual Indians for private ownership as farms and ranches.