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The Holocaust

The Holocaust. What was the Holocaust?. The Nazi slaughter of 6 million Jews Nazis killed another 3 to 5 million others which included homosexuals, disabled, Soviet POW’s, Polish civilians, Communists and political prisoners Took place all over Europe

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The Holocaust

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  1. The Holocaust

  2. What was the Holocaust? • The Nazi slaughter of 6 million Jews • Nazis killed another 3 to 5 million others which included homosexuals, disabled, Soviet POW’s, Polish civilians, Communists and political prisoners • Took place all over Europe • Final Solution (1942 Wannsee Conference)

  3. Differentiating prisoners • Red triangle—political prisoners: liberals, communists, trade unionists, social democrats, socialists, Freemasons, and anarchists. • Green triangle— "professional criminals" (convicts, often working in the camps as Kapos). • Blue triangle—foreign forced laborers, emigrants. • Purple triangle—Bible Students, a term taken from a name of, and primarily referring to, Jehovah's Witnesses, though a very small number of pacifists and members of other religious organizations were also imprisoned under this classification • Pink triangle—sexual offenders, mostly homosexual men but rarely rapists, zoophiles and pedophiles] • Black triangle—people who were deemed "asocial elements" and "work shy" including • Roma (Gypsies), who were later assigned a brown triangle • The mentally ill • Alcoholics • Vagrants and beggars • Pacifists • Conscription resisters • Prostitutes • Some anarchists • Drug addicts • Brown triangle—Roma (Gypsies) (previously wore the black triangle). • Uninverted red triangle—an enemy POW, spy or a deserter.

  4. Differentiating prisoners • Double-triangle badges resembled two superimposed triangles forming a Star of David, a Jewish symbol. • Two superimposed yellow triangles, the "Yellow badge"—a Jew • Red inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish political prisoner • Green inverted triangle upon a yellow one—a Jewish "habitual criminal" • Purple inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jehovah's Witness of Jewish descent • Pink inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish "sexual offender" • Black inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—"asocial" and "work shy" Jews • Voided black inverted triangle superimposed over a yellow triangle—a Jew convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler" • Yellow inverted triangle superimposed over a black triangle—an Aryan (woman) convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler" • Like those who wore pink and green triangles, people in the bottom two categories would have been convicted in criminal courts.

  5. Nazi Experiments • Hypothermia-inmates were placed in freezing water or in brutal cold for hours • Made inmates sterile by exposing them to radiation • Some were injected with malaria

  6. Nazi experiments • This women was deliberately cut on her leg and the wound was infected with: • Bacteria • dirt • glass • (simulates war injury) • Sulfonamide

  7. Nazi experiments • Placed in a low pressure chamber to simulate 68,000 feet in Altitude • As pressure gets lower, oxygen gets thinner

  8. Nazi Experiments

  9. Concentration Camps & Death Camps • What is the difference? • Concentration camp is where anyone is detained under harsh conditions • Prisoners are put into forced labor and generally die of disease or malnutrition • Death camps are where Jews and other “undesirables” are sent to be exterminated • Those sent directly to death camps were the elderly and very young • WHY?

  10. Selection • To the right went workers • To the left was the gas chamber

  11. Auschwitz • By far the largest death camp • Located in Poland (3 camps) • Believed that 1.6 million Jews murdered here • Most were killed with a gas called Zyklon-B • 20,000 bodies could be gassed and cremated a day

  12. Empty Zyklon-B Canisters

  13. Gas Chamber

  14. Did the Jews Fight Back? • Yes, there were some resistance movements • The biggest being in the Warsaw Ghetto in April 1943 • About 750 Jews rebelled for a month • Almost all of those that took part were capture/killed

  15. Results • Holocaust ends as camps are liberated by Allies • Half of Europe’s Jewish population is killed • Israel, a homeland for many Jews, will be created 1948 • Some Nazi doctors are put on trial

  16. Liberation • 761stTank Battalion • African-American unit that liberated a sub-camp of Mauthausen

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