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Plate Tectonic

Plate Tectonic. AL GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER ONE. 造山運動與板塊移動學說的關係 Mountain Building in relation to Plate Tectonic Theory. 1. 造山運動 (Mountain Building) 過程是主要由板塊互相相撞而形成  解釋什麼是板塊移動 (Plate Tectonics) 2. 地球是被不同大小的板塊所覆蓋  兩種 : 海洋 + 大陸 用板塊移動去解釋他們的關係 e.g 因有對流圈 (convenctional currents) 推動 …… 3. 破壞性

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Plate Tectonic

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  1. Plate Tectonic • AL GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER ONE

  2. 造山運動與板塊移動學說的關係Mountain Building in relation to Plate Tectonic Theory • 1. 造山運動 (Mountain Building)過程是主要由板塊互相相撞而形成 •  解釋什麼是板塊移動 (Plate Tectonics) • 2. 地球是被不同大小的板塊所覆蓋  兩種: • 海洋+大陸 用板塊移動去解釋他們的關係 e.g 因有對流圈(convenctional currents)推動…… • 3. 破壞性 • 4. 建設性 • 5. 保守性???

  3. Group Presentation—Earthquakes, Tsunami and Volcanic Eruptions • Earthquakes and Tsunami: • 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake (References website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake ) • 2008 Sichuan earthquake (References website: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Sichuan_earthquake) • 921 Taiwan earthquake (References website: • (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/921_earthquake) • Volcanic Eruptions: • Iceland (2010) (References website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_eruptions )

  4. Guidelines of Presentation • Introduction: • Where did it occur? When did it occur? • How about the Richter Magnitudes? • How many people injured and died through this natural hazard?

  5. Body: • Cause and Process— • Why did it occur? ( Plate Tectonic Theory) • Which plate boundaries involved on this natural hazard? • How did it occur? • Constructive, Destructive or Conservative plate boundaries? • The effects of this natural hazard— • Death? Economy? Infrastructure and Transportation? Secondary effects such as landslides, fire and Tsunami? Etc.

  6. Conclusion: • Any comments or feeling after doing this presentation? • Present Date: 29/09/2010 • Suggestions: • Can use PowerPoint • Must need to have a handout and distribute to your classmates • The duration of this presentation is around 15-20mins • You can have maps, photos and figures to let your presentation more interesting

  7. 板塊構造和人之間的關係the relationship between plate tectonic and human

  8. 太平洋火環 /環太平洋地震帶(Circum-Pacific Ring of Fire) • 阿爾卑斯-喜瑪拉雅山 (地中海和亞洲地區、希臘和北印度) (The Mediterranean-east African Belt) • 驅散在世界其他地區

  9. 地震成因

  10. 地震是因地殼突然釋放能量而產生震動所成的 • 震源就是能量釋放出來的起點 • 能量透過波浪傳送出去, 稱為地震波 • 震央是地表距離震源最近的地方，也是震動最強烈，受地震破壞程度最大的地方 • 淺源地震——震源深度小於70公里； • 中源地震——震源深度在70-300公里之間； • 深源地震——震源深度大於300公里。

  11. 震源越淺地震的破壞性也越大 • 黎克特制震級(Richter magnitude) • 地震的影響 • 直接影響 vs 次生影響

  12. 板塊移動及地震的關係Plate Tectonic and Earthquakes relationship • 分佈- 地震帶是否同板塊邊界吻合? • 是. 太平洋火環: 太平洋板塊與歐亞板塊, 北美洲, 印度-澳洲, 納斯卡及南美洲板塊有關聯的 • 那一種地震是與聯繫到板塊邊界呢? • 淺源地震- 破壞性 (最強大, 位於海溝,俯衝帶開始的地方) • 中源及深源- 破壞,建設, 穩定性

  13. 海嘯(Tsunami) • 當地震發生於海底，因震波的動力而引起海水劇烈的起伏，形成強大的波浪，向前推進，將沿海地帶一一淹沒的災害，稱之為海嘯 • 深度變淺，波高突然增大 • 發生在環太平洋地區的地震海嘯就佔了約80%。 • 日本是全球發生地震海嘯並且受害最深的國家。

  14. 海嘯的影響 • 短期 vs 長期 • 只是地震會形成嗎?

  15. 火山爆發 (volcanic eruption)

  16. 全球分佈 • 太平洋火環Circum-Pacific Ring of Fire • 東地中海和非洲一帶 The Mediterranean-east African Belt • 大洋中脊一帶 Mid-oceanic Belts • 熱點上, 例如: 夏威夷 Hot spots, e.g near Hawaiian Islands, S.W. Indian Ocean

  17. 火山活動與板塊構造的關係 • 地球的俯衝帶和大洋中脊地區是強烈的火山運動區域 • 大約15%的火山被找到在建設性板塊邊界 • 大約80%的火山被找到在聚合型/破壞性板塊邊界的俯衝帶 • 全球5%的火山是位於熱點之上

  18. 何謂火山爆發? • 按火山噴出的物質，以及火山的活躍程度來把火山分類 • 影響

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