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Critical Thinking Chapter 21

Critical Thinking Chapter 21. Meg Lipper Caldwell College. OVERVIEW. Introduction Casual Thinking VS Critical Thinking Critical Thinking in Action Facilitated Communication Critical Thinking in the Workplace Summary Questions / Comments.

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Critical Thinking Chapter 21

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  1. Critical ThinkingChapter 21 Meg Lipper Caldwell College

  2. OVERVIEW • Introduction • Casual Thinking VS Critical Thinking • Critical Thinking in Action • Facilitated Communication • Critical Thinking in the Workplace • Summary • Questions / Comments

  3. “What skeptical thinking boils down to is the means to construct, and to understand, a reasoned argument and – especially important – to recognize a fallacious or fraudulent argument.” Bailey & Burch, 2010

  4. Miraculous Breakthrough! QUICK & EASY IMPROVES EVERYTHING CURES AUTISM RECOVERY EFFECTIVE

  5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh3QfFP_yCM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rucaw44cWJY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAzMiyTonRM

  6. Introduction • Personal Anecdotes don’t cut it! • We are ALWAYS questioning • Everything • Everyone • Not interested in correlational findings • We want to see the data! Bailey & Burch, 2010

  7. Show Me the DATA! • Repeated measures • Observational reliability • Social validity • Experimental control • MUST be Socially Significant! Bailey & Burch, 2010

  8. What it Looks Like…

  9. Casual Vs Critical Thinking • Casual thinking = Problem solving “Its time for an oil change. I pass a Jiffy Lube on my way home from work every afternoon, so I guess I’ll stop and have it done today.” “I want you to try this Fair Trade Organic Sumatran Reserve coffee. It has the most amazing flavor and is grown in soil that has never been treated with pesticides, so you won’t get cancer from it.” Bailey & Burch, 2010

  10. Critical Thinking in Action Assumptions Bailey & Burch, 2010

  11. Dangers of Casual Thinking “Families desperate for any shred of hope for a cure for autism seem disinclined t engage in critical thinking about treatment effectiveness.” • Waste of time, money, & resources • Might not work • May cause more harm Bailey & Burch, 2010

  12. Toys + DRO+ Response Interrupt Sensory Integration Follow – up Baseline

  13. Be Aware of Fad Treatments

  14. Facilitated Communication: The Poster Child for Failed Critical Thinking • Began in Australia, migrated to US in the early 1990’s • Facilitators assist individuals in typing on a keyboard • Due to desperation and gullible consumers • Hired in school systems • Turns out…. • Facilitators were writing the stories • Diagnosed individuals being facilitated were not even engaged “The consequences have been devastating for families that were ripped apart by fallacious allegations.” Bailey & Burch, 2010

  15. Critical Thinking in the Workplace • As Behavior Analysts • Critical thinking tools are essential • Remain Calm • Review the evidence • Determine assumptions that have been made • Don’t believe the first story • Establish baseline before drawing conclusions • Teachers, parents, & administrators • Horrendous situations • Require immediate attention • Most likely a thirdhand story Bailey & Burch, 2010

  16. Who Are We Up Against?? • Colleagues from other professions • Advocate their favorite interventions • Occupational therapists • Speech & Language pathologists • Parents • Strange new fads • Internet • Other parents • Catelogs • Administrators • Cut costs • Cut down hours of treatment • Hire individuals without proper training Bailey & Burch, 2010

  17. Summary • Stay updated on current literature! • Don’t believe the first story; Listen to ALL sides • Ask questions • Collect data directly • Analyze the evidence • Combine your critical thinking skills with other topics discussed in the text: • Assertiveness • Ethics in daily life • Persuasion • Lobbying • Handling difficult people • Problem solving Bailey & Burch, 2010

  18. Additional Readings • Ayres, A. J. (1972). Sensory integration and learning disorders. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. • Bundy, A. C., & Murray, E. A. (2002). Assessing sensory integrative dysfunction. In A. C. Bundy, S. J. Lane, & A. Murray (Eds.), Sensory integration: Theory and practice (2nd ed., pp.3-34). Philadelphia: Davis. • Foxx, R. M. (1994, Fall). Facilitated communication in Pennsylvania: Scientifically invalid but politically correct. Dimensions, 1-9. • Jacobson, J. W., Foxx, R. M., & Mulick, J. A. (Eds.). (2005). Controversial therapies for developmental disabilities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. • Mason, S. A., & Iwata, B. A. (1990). Artificial effects of sensory-integrative therapy on self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23, 361-370. • Normand, M. T., & Bailey, J. S. (2006). The effects of celebration lines on accurate data analysis. Behavior Modification, 30, 295-314. • Paul, R. W., & Elder, L. (2002). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education • Smith, T., Mruzek, D. W., & Mozingo, D. (2005). Sensory integrative therapy. In J. W. Jacobson, R. M. Foxx, & J. A. Mulick (Eds.), Controversial therapies for developmental disabilities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. • Zechmeister, E. B., & Johnson, J. E. (1992). Critical thinking: A functional approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Bailey & Burch, 2010

  19. References • Bailey, J., & Burch, M. (2010). 25 essential skills and strategies for the professional behavior analyst. New York, NY: Routledge

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