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GENETICS

GENETICS. GREGOR MENDEL (1822- 1884). Self Fertilization Offspring= Purebred. Cross Fertilization Offspring = Hybrid. CROSS POLLINATION. HYBRID. COCKER SPANIEL + POODLE. COCKAPOO. HYBRID. PUG + BEAGLE. PUGGLE. HYBRID. DOG AND WOLF. Liger. male lion and a female tiger.

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GENETICS

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  1. GENETICS

  2. GREGOR MENDEL(1822- 1884)

  3. Self Fertilization Offspring= Purebred

  4. Cross Fertilization Offspring = Hybrid

  5. CROSS POLLINATION

  6. HYBRID COCKER SPANIEL + POODLE COCKAPOO

  7. HYBRID PUG + BEAGLE PUGGLE

  8. HYBRID DOG AND WOLF

  9. Liger male lion and a female tiger

  10. Peas!

  11. Dominant Recessive Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Trait Allele GENETIC TERMINOLOGY

  12. Dominant and Recessive Alleles • Dominant allele- trait is always expressed if present - Written as capital letter - Ex. Tall= T • Recessive allele- only expressed if no dominant allele is present • (Dominant allele masks this one) - For a particular trait written as the same letter but lower case - Ex. Short= t

  13. Genotype- the genes you get from your parents • Two letters represent the two alleles • One from mom one from dad • TT, Tt, tt • Phenotype- the physical trait, what you look like • Tall short, yellow or green • TT, tt what is the phenotype??

  14. Homozygous - the same alleles for a gene • TT, tt • Heterozygous - having different alleles for a gene • Tt

  15. Trait = Height TALL  alleles SHORT

  16. Gene- unit of inherited information in DNA Allele- alternative form of a gene ( white purple) Flower Color Trait

  17. Test Cross- mate an unknown genotype ( TT or Tt) with homozygous recessive (tt)

  18. Reginald Punnett

  19. In Starfish being red is dominant over being pink. What would Patrick’s phenotype be? What would his genotype be?

  20. Because Patrick is pink… his phenotypeis PINK And since pink is recessive – his genotypewould be “rr”

  21. Red is dominant over pink Suppose we had a HETEROZYGOUS red starfish what would the genotype be?

  22. Rr

  23. Let’s do some… MONOHYBRID CROSSES!Monohybrid means we are only using ONE TRAIT

  24. STEP by STEP • Select a “good” letter to use • Write down your “givens” • Determine parents and record • Set up Punnett Square • Determine genotypes & phenotypes of offspring (use percentages or fractions)

  25. In pea plants being Tall is dominant over being shortCross a Heterozygous Tall plant with a Homozygous Tall plant

  26. Aa x AA Geno = 50% AA 50% Aa Pheno = 100% Tall A A A

  27. In sponges, beingblueis dominant over beingyellow. Cross a heterozygous blue sponge with a yellow one.

  28. Heterozygous Blue = Bb Recessive Yellow = bb so we cross… Bb x bb

  29. Time for someLOONEYMonohybrid Crosses on your own!

  30. Red is dominant over Blue

  31. T EST C R O S S

  32. MENDELS LAWS • Dominance & Recessiveness • Segregation • Independent Assortment

  33. PEDIGREE male female

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