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Pesticides, Pollution, and People: An overview of Public Health and Environment in Costa Rica

Pesticides, Pollution, and People: An overview of Public Health and Environment in Costa Rica. Katherine Araya UNA BS Candidate 2015 Bianca Lherisson UF Law JD Candidate 2015 Jennifer Lomberk UF Law JD Candidate 2016 Faculty Supervisor: Franklin Paniagua

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Pesticides, Pollution, and People: An overview of Public Health and Environment in Costa Rica

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  1. Pesticides, Pollution, and People: An overview of Public Health and Environment in Costa Rica Katherine Araya UNA BS Candidate 2015 Bianca Lherisson UF Law JD Candidate 2015 Jennifer Lomberk UF Law JD Candidate 2016 Faculty Supervisor: Franklin Paniagua Research Assistant: Katherine Arroyo

  2. Overview • Introduction • Overview of the Health Care System • Connection between Environment and Health • Specific topics: • Pesticides • Water Quality and Wastewater Management • Indigenous Peoples in Costa Rica • Conclusion and Recommendations

  3. Overview of the Health Care SystemHistory

  4. History

  5. Result of Healthcare Reform

  6. Result of Healthcare Reform

  7. Connection between Environment and Health • Environment and health are closely related • In recent years so many people and nations have “gone green”. • Communicable and non-communicable diseases, malnutrition, mental illness, and lack of access to basic healthcare services cause millions of deaths annually in low-income countries like Costa Rica

  8. Substantial global progress has been applied over the last several decades on a number of public health issues • The public health community is increasingly concerned about the impacts of extreme weather, climate change, and natural disasters on vulnerable communities • In the last 60 years, there have been significant changes in the climate and in the frequency of extreme weather events

  9. Health & Environmental Effects of Pesticide Use in Costa Rica • Largest Pesticide Usage Per Agricultural Land in the World • Dissemination and Exposure • Human Health Effects • Endocrine Disruption • Cancer • Sterilization • Pesticide Poisoning

  10. Affects Both Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems • Eutrophication and Fish Kills • Reproductive and Developmental Defects • Bioaccumulation • Land Sterilization and Pest Resistance

  11. Current Pesticide Legislation • National Pesticide Commission • Rotterdam Convention

  12. Water Quality and Wastewater Management in Costa Rica • Various international policy forums have been developed • Costa Rica drinking water and sanitation • AyA - 49%, ASADAS - 27%, 28 Municipalities and District Council - 15%. • There is a study conducted by Darner Mora regarding the streams health quality to determine the sanitary quality of streams and / or rivers flowing in the Costa Rican coastline.

  13. Technical Committee of Regulation of Discharge and Reuse Wastewater: • Minister of Public Health • MINAE • MAG • AyA • National Council of Rectors • Federated College of Engineers and Architects of Costa Rica • Chemical Association of Costa Rica • Costa Rican Association of water resources and sanitation • Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations of private enterprise • National Chamber of Agriculture and Agribusiness • Costa Rican Federation for environmental conservation • School of Biologists Costa Rica • Association of Clinical Microbiologists of Costa Rica

  14. Indigenous Peoples of Costa Rica

  15. Indigenous Peoples • Guatusos or Malekus • Chorotegas • Huestares • Cabecares • Bribri • Térrabas (Teribes) • Borucas • Guaymíes or Ngöbe

  16. Guaymies or Ngöbe • Immigrated from Panama Coto Brus

  17. La Casona EBAIS • La Casona EBAIS • Serves 3,000 people • 1,700 indigenous people • 1,300 non-indigenous • Health Team • 1 Doctor • 1 Medical Technician • 1 nurse • 1 Primary Health Assistant 

  18. Conclusions and Recommendations Regarding Health Care System • Focus on the needs of the marginalized populations • Implement services to monitor the effectiveness of healthcare programs directed at indigenous communities • Create emergency care locations closer to indigenous territories • Reforming healthcare policies regarding EBAIS Doctor’s ability to provide patients with medication and not just prescriptions. • Put in place a team to conduct medical surveys of the indigenous

  19. Regarding Pesticides • Stricter Standards on Pesticide Companies • Delegation of Specific Enforcement Functions to Certain Agencies • Secure Funding to Ensure Support of Education and Enforcement Mechanisms • Implement Incentive Programs for Integrated Pest Management Practices • Supplemental Compensation • Crop Rotation • Natural Predation • Cover Crops

  20. Regarding Wastewater Management • It is essential to continue and enhance the protection of the water fountains located throughout the country. • Different actors, including the AyA, by the management of water and wastewater treatment should apply greater willingness, to gradually and sustainably achieve the objectives in their programs and thus ensure safe drinking water to the population in general and minimize environmental damage directly or indirectly affecting the health of people.

  21. Special Thanks To • UF • OTS • Professor Ankersen • Professor Hamann • Professor Paniagua • Katherine Arroyo • Shirley Sanchez

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