Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy

1. Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Psych422 Chapter4: Psychoanalytic Therapy Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

2. Questions • What kinds of connections do you have regarding psychoanalytic therapy? • What is your thoughts and attitude regarding psychoanalytic therapy? • Which parts of psychoanalytic therapy do you like or dislike? Why? • Strengths and limitations of psychoanalytic therapy? Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

3. The Development of Personality • 1. ORAL STAGE First year • Related to later mistrust and rejection issues • 2. ANAL STAGE Ages 1-3 • Related to later personal power/control issues • 3. PHALLIC STAGE Ages 3-6 • Related to later sexual attitudes • 4. LATENCY STAGE Ages 6-12 • A time of socialization • 5. GENITAL STAGE Ages 12-60 • Sexual energies are invested in life Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

4. The Structure of Personality • THE ID — The Demanding Child (biological component, unconsciousness) • Ruled by the pleasure principle • THE EGO — The Traffic Cop (psychological component) • Ruled by the reality principle • THE SUPEREGO — The Judge (social component) • Ruled by the moral principle Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

5. The Unconscious • Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious: • Dreams • Slips of the tongue • Posthypnotic suggestions • Material derived from free-association • Material derived from projective techniques • Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms • NOTE: consciousness is only a thin slice of the total mind Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

6. Ego-Defense Mechanisms • Ego-defense mechanisms: • Are normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality • Help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed • Have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

7. View of human nature • Deterministic: • Behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivation, and biological and instinctual drives. • The first 6 years of life • Libido: a source of motivation and energy Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

8. Therapeutic Goals • Make the unconscious conscious • Strengthen the ego • Explore past to increase self-understanding and gain insight • Successful analysismodification of the individual’s personality. Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

9. Therapist’s function and role • Little self-disclosure to foster a transference relationship • Help clients to achieve self-awareness, deal with anxiety, gain control, make unconscious conscious, and understand “why” for their symptoms • Building relationship, listening, interpretation, and paying attention on resistances • The role of clients’ readiness to change Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

10. Therapeutic Relationship • Working though the transference relationship • Understanding the old pattern, connecting to current issues, and making new choices • Reactions is not equal to transferences • Contertransference reaction as a therapeutic tool to understand the world of the clients Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

11. Activity • Free association activity • Write 5 minutes whatever come to your mind for the following topic • 1. Free association about your dream OR • 2. Pick up an animal (e.g., Bird) and then write any thoughts in you mind • Any themes? Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

12. Psychoanalytic Techniques • Free Association • Client reports whatever comes to mind • Open doors to unconscious wishes, fantasies, conflicts, and motivation. • Dream Analysis • Therapist uses the “royal road to the unconscious” to bring unconscious material to light Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

13. Psychoanalytic Techniques • Interpretation • Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is revealed • Guidelines • Close to conscious awareness • Go only as deep as the client is able to go • Point out resistance or defense before interpreting the emotion or conflict that lies beneath it Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

14. Transference and Countertransference • Transference • The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant other • This allows the client to experience feelings that would otherwise be inaccessible • ANALYSIS OF TRANSFERENCE — allows the client to achieve insight into the influence of the past • Countertransference • The reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

15. Resistance • Resistance • Anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious material • Analysis of Resistance • Helps client become aware of the reasons for the resistance (e.g., avoiding pain or anxiety) • Helps the client to see that canceling appointments, fleeing from therapy prematurely, etc., are ways of defending against anxiety • These acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which could lead to a more satisfying life Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

16. Psych-dynamic Approach • Object Relations theory • Self Psychology • Interpersonal psychdynamic approach • Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRF)…… Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

17. Core Conflictual Relationship Theme • Wish • What a person wants and wishes in relationships • The Response of the Other (RO) • how a person anticipates others will respond or how the others actually respond • The Response of Self (RS) • client’s affective. Cognitive, and behavioral response in relationship situations • What’s your feelings? (affective) • What’s your thoughts? (cognitive) • What do you do? (behavioral) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

18. Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction -.43*** -.46*** Attachment Anxiety Shame .37*** -.64*** .13*** .20** .32*** Depression .05 -.32*** -.75*** Attachment Avoidance .09*** Loneliness

19. Psychoanalytic Therapy From a multicultural perspective • Contribution to multicultural counseling • Help clients to build ego and cultural identity • Help therapists become aware their own source of contertransference, bias, prejudices, and stereotypes. • Limitations for multicultural counseling • Cost, Upper- and middle-class values • Ambigurity (vs. Asian prefers structured and concrete solution) • Blame clients vs. blame external factors (social, cultural, or political factors) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4

20. Summary • Contributions of Psychoanalytic approach • Limitations of psychoanalytic approach • Case of Stan and Ruth Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy - Chapter 4