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Vietnam

Vietnam. US History II. Communism in Indo-China. Ho Chi Minh & the NVA Led communists against Japanese, French & Americans North Vietnamese Army (NVA) – Vietcong, VC. Domino Theory. If one country falls to communism in South East Asia, then all will fall to communism. <1954> Dien Bien Phu.

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Vietnam

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  1. Vietnam US History II

  2. Communism in Indo-China Ho Chi Minh & the NVA • Led communists against Japanese, French & Americans • North Vietnamese Army (NVA) – Vietcong, VC

  3. Domino Theory • If one country falls to communism in South East Asia, then all will fall to communism.

  4. <1954> Dien Bien Phu • French forces are defeated by Ho Chi Minh’s forces • Geneva Accords – Divides Vietnam: • North Communism / South Democracy • Ngo Dinh Diem – Pres. of South – canceled elections of 1956 w/ US support (corrupt)

  5. Strategic Hamlet Program • Attempts to protect South Vietnam from Vietcong (VC) • JFK sent 16,000 military advisors for President Diem • Move villages, uproot families, treat Buddhists poorly • Bad information – US believed it was working but it was not • 1963 - US approved a coup d'état and assassinated President Diem

  6. Strategic Hamlet Program

  7. <Aug. 1964> Gulf of Tonkin incident • North Vietnam “fired” torpedoes at USS Maddox • USA is angry! We must defend ourselves! • President Johnson asks congress to pass Tonkin Resolution • LBJ given the power to do whatever was necessary to win in Vietnam and defeat communism

  8. US Escalates War General William Westmoreland • US General in charge of all forces in South Vietnam ARVN • Army Republic of Vietnam (South)

  9. Fighting in Vietnam Guerrilla Warfare • Ambushes • Hide and seek • Extensive tunnel systems

  10. US Tactics (Strategies) Agent Orange - chemical sprayed to kill vegetation

  11. US Tactics (Strategies) Napalm • firebombing, jelly gasoline, burn the jungle

  12. US Tactics (Strategies) Search and destroy missions • Target homes, villages, and farms suspected to be occupied by VC

  13. Vietcong Tactics VC tunnel system • Guerrilla Warfare – ambush! • Difficult to find and fight against • No front lines

  14. Vietcong (VC) Tactics Ho Chi Minh Trail • Vietcong supply and attack route to South Vietnam

  15. Living Room War Credibility gap: • What Americans were being told by the government was not the same as what they were seeing on TV Walter Cronkite: • Influential broadcaster CBS Evening News • Most “trusted” man in America

  16. Most Trusted Man in America • Cronkite went to Vietnam and reported that he had seen the lies, corruption, and stalemate in that war and that it was time for us to go. • President Lyndon Johnson listened to Cronkite’s verdict with dismay and real sadness. As he famously remarked to an aide, “If I’ve lost Cronkite, I’ve lost America.”

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