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Matter & The Atom

Matter & The Atom. Matter. The term matter describes all of the physical substances around us: your table, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth. Matter. Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) Made up of different kinds of atoms. Matter.

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Matter & The Atom

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  1. Matter &The Atom

  2. Matter The term matter describes all of the physical substances around us: your table, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth

  3. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) • Made up of different kinds of atoms

  4. Matter • Includes all things that can be seen, tasted, smelled, or touched • Does not include heat, sound, or light

  5. Matter is made of atoms

  6. Modern Model of the AtomThe electron cloud • Sometimes called the wave model • Spherical cloud of varying density • Varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be

  7. Atomic Structure • Nucleus • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  8. Atomic Structure • Electrons • Tiny, very light particles • Have a negative electrical charge (-) • Move around the outside of the nucleus

  9. Atomic Structure • Protons • Much larger and heavier than electrons • Protons have a positive charge (+) • Located in the nucleus of the atom

  10. Atomic Structure • Neutrons • Large and heavy like protons • Neutrons have no electrical charge • Located in the nucleus of the atom

  11. Atomic Structure

  12. Describing Atoms • Atomic Number = number of protons • In a neutral atom, the # of protons = the # of electrons

  13. Describing Atoms • Atomic Mass Number - equal to the number of protons plus neutrons.

  14. Describing Atoms • Atomic Weight - average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element .

  15. Ions • An atom that carries an electrical charge is called an ion • If the atom loses electrons, the atom becomes positively charged (because the number of positively charged protons will be more the number of electrons)

  16. Ions • An atom that carries an electrical charge is called an ion • If an atom gains electrons, the atom becomes negatively charged (more negative charges than positive charges)

  17. Ions • The number of protons does not change in an ion • The number of neutrons does not change in an ions • So, both the atomic number and the atomic mass remain the same.

  18. Ions This atom has lost an electron. Now it has one more proton than electron. One more proton means one more positive charge. This makes the total charge of the atom POSITIVE. This atom has gained an electron. Now it has one less proton than electron. One less proton means one less positive charge. This makes the total charge of the atom NEGATIVE.

  19. Isotopes • The number of protons for a given atom never changes. • The number of neutrons can change. • Two atoms with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes

  20. Isotopes • Have the same atomic number (number of protons) • Have different atomic mass numbers (number of protons + neutrons)

  21. Isotopes

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