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Posing Questions to SHAKEN for Project HALO

Posing Questions to SHAKEN for Project HALO. Knowledge Systems Group University of Texas at Austin October 8, 2002. Goals. To represent the 50 sample questions given us by Vulcan To fit within the current SHAKEN framework as much as possible

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Posing Questions to SHAKEN for Project HALO

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  1. Posing Questions to SHAKENfor Project HALO Knowledge Systems Group University of Texas at Austin October 8, 2002

  2. Goals • To represent the 50 sample questions given us by Vulcan • To fit within the current SHAKEN framework as much as possible • To make it easy to pose questions, and to make the content of the questions obvious to users and examiners • To have the form of the questions feed into a problem solving architecture; more on this in a couple of days

  3. Limitations and Disclaimers • We’ve yet to learn much chemistry, so some of these representations might be stupid • To represent the questions, we’ve pretended that a bunch of new concepts and relations are in the component library. How these concepts and relations are ultimately represented in the Library shouldn’t impact the basic approach presented here

  4. SHAKEN Extensions Required • Questions are posed as Cmaps. However, unlike current Cmaps: • nodes may contain variables. The problem-solver’s job is to find a binding for variables that is consistent with the other assertions in the Cmap. • Groups of triples may be marked as “T/F”. The problem-solver’s job is to determine whether those triples are mutually consistent, and consistent with the other triples in the Cmap. • Because the questions are multiple-choice, most of them can be translated into true-false questions, then encoded with option (2) above. One advantage of this approach is that we can encode constraints into background knowledge that serve to eliminate multiple-choice options that are impossible. • We need to be able to input chemical formulae, chemical reactions, and quantities in scientific notation. These enhancements to SHAKEN could begin right away.

  5. Questions 1a Not superclasses Chemical-solution Buffer solution solute ph solute NaCl HCl T/F concentration concentration Ph-Value 1 M 1 M less than 7

  6. Questions 1e Chemical-solution solute ph solute NaCl HCl T/F concentration concentration Ph-Value Question 2 & 3 are similar Options b – d are similar 1 M 1 M equal 7

  7. Question 4a calcium Chemical reaction reactant hydrogen product Chemical compound T/F We’ll need some representation for chemical formulae that supports reasoning, e.g. to check whether the equation is balanced. We’re going to ignore this issue for now. formula CaH2

  8. Question 4b calcium Chemical reaction reactant hydrogen product T/F Ionic compound

  9. Question 4c calcium Chemical reaction reactant hydrogen product Chemical compound T/F state <solid, *room-temperature> Note: the relation “state” is 3-ary

  10. Question 4d calcium Chemical reaction reactant hydrogen product T/F Chemical compound Chemical reaction reactant product water H2 gas

  11. Question 4e calcium Chemical reaction reactant hydrogen product T/F Chemical compound Chemical reaction reactant product water Acidic solution

  12. Question 5 Note: I’m going to use the has-part relation in these examples; I suspect we’ll extend the Clib with a more specific slot. White precipitate Chemical reaction Chemical Compound product reactant Has part Dilute Hydrochloric acid Ionic equation Ag+ ? Note: I’ve taken many liberties here, representing as a single node concepts that will probably be small groups of nodes. Examples: “dilute hydrochloric acid” and “white precipitate”. However, I don’t think that impacts the basic structure of the representation of this question.

  13. Question 6 Hydrolysis CO32 reactant equilibrium expression ? Note: again, taking liberties here; “equilibrium expression” will probably expand into a small cluster of nodes and relations when it’s coded in Clib.

  14. Question 7a Chemical reaction formula H2PO4 + HBO32 HPO42 + H2BO3 reactant product H2PO4 HBO32 HPO42 H2BO3 ph ph ph ph T/F phValue phValue phValue phValue Note: simply alter the inequalities for questions 7b-e Greater-than Greater-than

  15. Question 8a T/F Chemical compound water formula insoluble in CaCO3 Excess Ammonia Solution soluble in Dilute HCI color Note: I can’t get by with a single slot “soluble in”, then use negation to get “insoluble in”. For this example, it would require marking “water” as the filler of a negated triple while “Dilute HCI” is left unmarked. I don’t think I can get this level of control using our current interface for marking triples as negated. white state <solid, *room-temperature> 8b-e are minor variants of this one

  16. Question 9 Chemical compound superclass ph <*Weak, acid> Monoprotic acid superclass ph 3.0 HA quantity Ionization constant .2 moles ?

  17. Question 10, Part I Chemical Reaction Chemical compound isa subclass Acid Equilibrium Reaction reactant Chemical compound isa Base instance _Acid-Base Equilibrium Reaction01 Formula HSO4 + H2O H3O+ + SO42 reactant T/F isa Has-part Base Chemical compound HSO4 Parts II and III are similar

  18. Question 11 Chemical Reaction H2C2O4 + 2H2O 2 H3O+ + C2O42 formula Equilibrium constant reactant ? Note: this is part of background knowledge, not explicitly part of this Cmap. The k1 and k2 values might be background knowledge, too. H2C2O4 Diprotic acid superclass k1 k2 5.3 x 10-5 5.36 x 10-2

  19. This one is a bit dense, and we’re not completely confident about it. You might want to skip it for now. In any case, note that the encoding of answer (a) is on the next slide. Operationally, it would merge on to this Cmap, to be included with the question itself. Question 12 Gas inst-of Sc R2 *brown Chemical-Reaction color reactant inst-of Liquid product R1 Nitric Acid object color Heat concentration causes <*brown-yellow> object *high origin Change-Color destination <*colorless>

  20. Question 12 a). T/F Nitric Acid strength <*strong, Acid>

  21. Question 13a Chemical reaction product Chemical compound reactant T/F NH3 Ca(OH)2 Chemical reaction reactant Nitric Acid product White precipitate concentration *dilute Note: I’m not sure how to represent this notion Similarly for b-e

  22. Question 14a Chemical compound superclass Note: this is part of background knowledge, not an explicit part of this Cmap. I’m going to omit showing these triples from now on. NaNO3 quantity ph 1 Mole ? Similarly for b-e

  23. Question 15 ka HCN 4.0 x 10-10 ph quantity ? 1 x 10-2 moles

  24. Question 16b (note: not part a) T/F Chemical reaction Chemical compound product ph reactant base Ca(OH)2 H2O ph Insoluble in Weak base water I’m not sure about this…I’ve folded the conclusion of 16a (that the Chemical compound is basic) in with the explanation of the conclusion (that Ca(OH)2 is a weak base and is insoluble in water). Will that work?

  25. Questions 17-20, part a Chemical compound ? ph Note: this is the encoding of question 17 applied to the compounds in part a. This question needs to be repeated for parts b-e. Then, questions 18-20, which are similar, need to be applied to each part. I’m not sure how to combine the results to evaluate expressions like “the solution with the lowest ph”, or whether we even need to. Has-part NH3 NH4Cl quantity quantity 1 mole 1 mole

  26. Question 21 formula ? Chemical reaction reactant product C10H12O4S product product reactant CO2 SO2 H2O state O2 state state state state <gas, …> <gas, …> <gas, …> <solid, *room-temperature> <gas, …>

  27. Question 22a T/F superclasses Molecule Lewis acid recipient object Obtain(?) Obtain is not quite right because it is a transfer of possession Proton base Water

  28. Question 23 product Chemical reaction ? reactant Cu causes reactant H2SO4 object intensity object Heat *strong

  29. Question 24a T/F superclasses Lewis acid Na+ Cl- CH3COO- Mg2+ Al3+ ph ph ph ph ph PH-Value PH-Value PH-Value PH-Value PH-Value less than less than less than less than less than

  30. Question 25a solute H2SO4 amount Solution Amount-Value dissociates-into greater than amount H3O+ Amount-Value solvent dissociates-into greater than amount H2O HSO4- Amount-Value dissociates-into greater than amount concentration SO42- Amount-Value <0.1 molar> It’s a pain to represent “the greatest”, etc

  31. Question 26 a).-e). Na+ product Chemical-Reaction reactant concentration Na2CO3 ? NaHO3 concentration quantity concentration quantity 3.0 M 70 ml 1.0 M 30 ml

  32. Question 27 a).-e). quantity Acid-Dissociation ? solute HA temperature concentration K 25°C 0.5 M <8*10-4 , 25°C> Acid-Dissociation is a chemical solution, which is an Entity

  33. Question 28 a). T/F Mix product base 2 H2O object H2O H3O+ OH- For b).-e). replace object and product

  34. Question 29 a).-e). Chemical-Reaction H2O product reactant formula Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)2+ O2 H2O+Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)2 O2 quantity ? quantity 1 mole

  35. Question 30 a). Oxidize product reactant inst-of inst-of _Acid1 H3PO4 Acid ph ph less-than S2 S1 T/F For b).-e). replace reactant and product

  36. Question 31a NH4Cl NaNO3 ph concentration Na2CO3 concentration ph PH-Value 1 *molar concentration ph 1 *molar PH-Value 1 *molar PH-Value greater-than Na2SO4 Each property value in the domain of chemistry may have a mapping to the back end module that calculates it. PH-Value T/F concentration ph ph PH-Value 1 *molar NaHSO4 31b to 31e are variants of this. concentration 1 *molar

  37. Question 32a HNO3 CuSO4 conductivity concentration KOH concentration conductivity Conductivity-Value 0.1 *molar concentration conductivity 0.1 *molar Conductivity-Value 0.1 *molar Conductivity-Value less-than HF Conductivity-Value T/F conductivity concentration conductivity Conductivity-Value 0.1 *molar BaCl2 concentration 32b to 32e are also variants of this. 0.1 *molar

  38. Question 33a T/F Bronsted -Acid subclass HCO3- subclass Bronsted -Base This should be changed appropriately for parts b-e.

  39. Question 34 causes Make-Contact ? inhibits Damage base object object Skin Acid

  40. Question 35 product Chemical-reaction reactant Precipitate reactant color Chemical-Solution Chemical-Solution solute *yellow concentration solute concentration ? 0.5 *molar Nal 0.5 *molar I’m not sure whether Nal is a typo for NaCl.

  41. Question 36a Chemical reaction HC2H3O2(aq) + CN(aq) HCN(aq) + C2H3O2 formula reactant Equilibrium constant product 3.7x104 HC2H3O2(aq) CN(aq) HCN(aq) C2H3O2 T/F ph ph b-e are similar, although d is tougher Ph-value Ph-value >

  42. Question 37a Mg(OH)2 (s) T/F Insoluble in soluble in Dilute Hydrochloric acid water b-e are similar

  43. Question 38 Interesting… this one requires representing changes caused by a chemical reaction. Not sure how best to do this, but it will probably use add-list, del-list triples.

  44. Question 39 10 HI + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 5 I2 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O formula Chemical reaction reactant reactant reactant product H2SO4 KMnO4 I2 HI quantity quantity quantity quantity 3 moles 4 moles 2.5 moles ?

  45. Question 40a T/F superclasses Solution Electrolyte solvent solute Water CH3OH

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